Wednesday, July 31, 2019

Entrepreneur ship Essay

Regardless the state of the country, one can realize that coffee is one of the most favorite products among American people. It has remained in the top positions for some decades. However, drinking coffee is not only the consumption of a product; it has become a daily activity. It is normal to hear this question when someone wants to meet up with one person: â€Å"do you want to get a coffee tomorrow and we can talk about†¦? † Any excuse is good enough to get a cup of coffee. The beginning of the coffee industry dates back to the 1960’s, when a man named Alfreed Peet felt the inspiration to create the first gourmet coffee shop (Peet’s Coffee). That inspiration came, between other reasons, because he grew seeing his parents ‘coffee business (Peet’s Coffee). He was living in Holland and later in Indonesia. After that, he went to California where he thought he had the necessary knowledge to start his own business. By doing that, Peet started to produce a richer and more complex coffee that the available coffee at the market (Peet’s Coffee). Because of his marketing strategy, motivation through employees and resilience to fall, Alfreed Peet was one of the most innovative and creative entrepreneurs of coffee industry. Some people think that entrepreneurs are different from everyone else since they think these people were born with a special ability that nobody else has. However, these people are what they are because they learn from experience, including inconvenient experiences. Peet reached a great success because he did it. Despite this level of success, Peet can still became a better brand by introducing an aggressive advertising, worldwide expansion, and improving the pricing system. Peet had the features that best define an entrepreneur. First, he had the vision to open a shop in an unfamiliar market, the coffee market. Vision is a characteristic that most of the entrepreneurs have (Boone and Kurtz 608). Entrepreneurs do not fall depressed when people tell them that their business will not run successfully. Instead, they trust in their intuition and continue until they get what they want (Kelly and McGowen 92). Along with vision, Peet had passion about his coffee. He did not think in becoming rich or famous, but making the best coffee he could. He knew the importance of enjoying the process rather than thinking about the outcome. Moreover, he had enough motivation to start his business and offer the best product and service. This is the most important factor that one person must have to get anything in his or her life. Some people do not pay enough attention to how important the motivation is to succeed in any field. When one is motivated, it is much easier to reach any goal. Time does not seem to go by when one feels a motivational force inside him. Furthermore, the motivation makes one enjoy whatever he or she is doing. Then, along with this enjoyment, the results come without the sense of effort. â€Å"Motivation is important simply because it allows you as a leader to meet and even exceed your own organizational goals† (â€Å"importance†). However, motivation is not enough if one does not spend time working. For this reason, Peet knew that dedication was important if he wanted to be successful in the coffee industry. He did not believe in luck, but in causality. Another reason why he was a successful entrepreneur was that he wanted to see the growth of his family? s coffee business. He wanted to continue what was started decades ago. Finally, the word â€Å"commitment†. To Peet, it meant to be persistence. If he wanted his dream to become a reality, he had to overcome big obstacles. It meant never giving up and to being congruent by taking action instead of just talking. Peet? s coffee should be an admired company because of its behavior towards employees and customers. Peet? s makes an effort in having a good workplace where employees must be prepared to create the great coffee that customers like (Peet’s Coffee). It has been proven that the performance of the employees is greater when they are in a comfortable and attractive environment. Moreover, Peet knows the importance of making his employees feel well. An employer should not only think of the employees as part of the company, but should also take into consideration their opinions and complaints. â€Å"Democratic leadership ordinarily produces higher member satisfaction and morale. It also results in higher quality decisions when members have as much or more knowledge than the leader regarding a particular problem† (Sharpe). The results of a company depend on the performance of the employees. Espinosa states that an important step is â€Å"to be a positive model as a leader. You’re supposed to be a good example for your members to emulate, and a person worth respecting. † Good team work is an essential part of any job because the best results are achieved when everybody goes in the same direction. Moreover, motivation is crucial to push people to get their goals. â€Å"Democratic leaders involve members in decision making either by reaching consensus or by using parliamentary procedure. They pursue open, trusting, follower-oriented relationships† (Sharpe). The relationship between Peet and his customers has also been excellent during the time that Peet’s coffee has existed. (Peet’s Coffee). This relationship is passed from parents to their children and grandchildren and it seems to be continuing for a long time. Besides, Peet’s company has developed different economic and education programs in order to collaborate with the growth of the countries that provide beans and leaves for his coffee (Peet’s Coffee). To summarize, Alfreed puts the emphasis on being a big family who plays on the same team. Every member of the team has different tasks to do in order to reach the same goals for Peet’s coffee, which are to make a profit, offer an excellent service to the clients, and of course, to enjoy while doing it. Peet knows that the world has changed in the last decades; therefore, he has adapted to the marketing changes along these years. At the beginning of his expansion, Peet started in a local place where the coffee market was becoming more popular. At that time, the marketing concept changed and the business’ owners started to offer the goods and services that their clients demanded in a higher quality than their competitors (Boone and Kurtz 380-381). Thus, Peet wanted to get customer satisfaction more than anything else. However, times changed and Peet had to adapt if he wanted to continue being successful. Peet spread out his stores to different states of the country such as California, Illinois, Massachusetts, Oregon and Washington (Peet’s Coffee). Moreover, the last decades are characterized by some changes in marketing. Marketers are conscious of the importance of keeping loyal customers. Boone and Kurtz say that â€Å"acquiring a new customer can cost five times more than keeping an existing customer† (380-381). For this reason, Peet not only provided his products in his stores, but he started to look for ways that customers could find his products everywhere. Customers can now buy his products in different supermarkets around the country. For example, Safeway, Super-valu and Ralphs offer his products (Peet’s Coffee). In addition, Peet has seen how technology has grown in the last years and he has created his own website. This website gives the customers the opportunity to see, compare and buy Peet’s products. This website has also a service for customers and they can ask any question related to the products which will be answered by his representatives (Peet’s Coffee). Another important marketing feature of Peet’s business is that he is not only a retailer for his customers, but he is also a wholesaler for distributors of restaurants and food services (Peet’s Coffee). Even though Peet’s coffee is famous and well-known by coffee drinkers, there are some strategies that he should use in order to expand his business. First, a better advertising marketing strategy should be utilized if he wants to become more known around the country considering most people do not know about Peet’s coffee. However, when someone tastes this coffee they should ask themselves: How come I have never heard about this coffee? Peet should then invest money in publicizing his products. For instance, an advertisement on television and in a newspaper would make people arouse curiosity about this coffee. Second, it would be a good idea to emphasize the selling in the universities. Between students it is really popular to drink coffee, especially when exams are approaching. Peet should promote specific campaigns where executive go to different universities to publicize its products. The most important thing would be to franchise Peet’s stores in different universities. By doing this, students would start to know Peet’s coffee and it would be an excellent opportunity for Peet to grow his brand. Finally, in my opinion, the best strategy would be to expand his business to other countries of the world. Peet only has stores in the United States. In this situation, he can not expand his branch more than one point. He could expand his stores to other countries of the world because people like to try new brands. Even if one brand like Starbucks is successful around the world, people will still be attracted if a good product is offered to them. If Peet’s marketing strategy has worked in the United States, there is a high probability that it may work in other countries. Peet’s coffee would be successful around the world and it would keep in people minds for ever. Works Cited Boone, Louise E., and David L. Kurtz. Contemporary Business 12th Edition. Mason: Thomson, 2006. Print. Espinosa, Jerome. â€Å"How to effectively handle union negotiations. † Helium. com Helium 06 Oct. 2010. Web. 03 February. 2012. â€Å"Importance of Motivation. † Leadership-central. com Leadership-central. com, Web. 20 Jan. 2012. Kelly, Marce. , and McGowen, Jim. BSN3. Mason: South Western Cengage Learning, 2006. Print. Peet’s Coffee and Tea. Peet’s Coffee and Tea. PCT, Web. 14 Dec. 2011. Sharpe, Dave. â€Å"Choosing Leadership Styles. † Msuextension. org Montana State University Extension, Web. 20 Jan. 2012.

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

Agricultural Practices

Agriculture has been practiced by men since time immemorial. Â  Practically speaking it refers to the process of producing crops that will feed the people and make them survive. Agriculture does not pertain to a single method alone, but over the years, there are evolutionsand innovations that this method of food production has undergone.Organic farming makes use of the natural processes of food production – from planting to harvest stage. Organic farmers make do with natural fertilizers like manure, compost, and residues instead of purchasing commercial fertilizers.Some benefits of organic farming include the prevention of soil erosion which is usually caused by the lack of nutrients in the soils, and empowering farmers to come up with their own natural production methods. On the other hand, some drawbacks raised by critics involve food and water contamination, poor quality of food, and even depletion of natural resources.Another farming or agricultural practice deals with fo od production which primarily intends to feed the family working on that land. This is subsistence farming. The farmer’s capacity is to provide only enough food for him and his family’s regular activities, but in worse cases, they still experience famine.Some strategies are being evaluated and conducted to determine if this farming practice can offer the farmers to produce more than what they need for economic purposes.With the advent of technology through continuous research, there now exists the modern agriculture practice. This type of agriculture greatly relies on engineering and technology. This also gave birth to the popular and controversial genetically modified foods (GMF) like rice, corn, vegetables, and fruits to name some.Issues and debates have been raised in support and in opposition to this breakthrough. Proponents maintains the belief that genetic engineering is the answer to the increasing population by producing in greater volume without risking the qu ality of food, while critics argue that the negative effects of these GMF, though not yet observable, will be noticeable on a long-term basis.Agriculturist and scientists must exert their collaborative effort in improving the agricultural systems along with protecting the health and safety of the natural resources and the consumers.Reference:Open-Encyclopedia. Retrieved, April 30, 2007, from http://open-encyclopedia.com/

Monday, July 29, 2019

All We Need is Love

All We Need is Love Essay What is love? Is love the feeling of physical and emotional attraction? Or is it the outcome of appreciating others virtue? But can there be love without giving? Giving that requires indicating concern for others life and growth. Giving the idea of showing ones compassion of expressed and unexpressed feelings. The most important giving strategy is the ability to view a person as they are and being aware of their distinctive individuality. However, when a person keeps giving love to one another and does not seek love in his or her rightful place, they search for similar feelings somewhere else. Love is significance in humans life. Simple appreciation may ease the pain, but is it enough? When love is not enough it may cause severe damage to a person. It may lead to suicide, to depression, to family problems, and even to eating disorders. Every human being values love than any personal effect in their lives. Love is assisting one another in time of need. When an individual does not experience love he or she develop a mask to their personality. To their fears. To their past life. The masks that create difficulty to knowing someone. Many act in certain ways around certain people. However, when people go through denial of the physical existence just to protect their ego, we call them defense mechanism. Each and every one of us has a different strategy of coping to reality for it to be less stressful. Meaning, these masks protect us. They protect us from bad feelings. However, there is a specific amount of how much defense mechanism may isolate us from the real world. For example, denial. Denial is the most horrifying strategy that anyone may respond to in a situation; therefore, it may lead to completely refusing any horrible experience. People are eager to tell others about their lives but they fear rejection and rejection leads to conflicts within. Everyone fears that exposing themselves would make them seem weak to others. However, does it not sometimes surprise you how one day you think you know someone for such a long time and when a deeply most horrifying secret of the person is out, you feel like your mind betrayed you? You think you know every single detail when in fact you werent looking inside of them. Ill be telling you a story about a 20-year-old girl, Nicole. She lives in the Netherlands, originally from France. Nicole and I have been friends for a long time. We were Skyping, I telling her about my Voice of Youth research paper. I was explaining to Nicole how I couldnt find someone for the interview because of how hard it will be ask someone I personally know about conflicts in their life. As I said before, I knew Nicole for a long time, and in that moment, I discovered that she herself had a major conflict in her life. It does surprise you how long youve known someone, but then when they reveal something shocking about himself or herself, the perspective changes; not of the person, but of the fact that no one really gets to know someone with their problems. No one wants to feel responsible. Nicole.. My friend.. My sister had developed an eating disorder; thus, resulting to Bulimia and anorexia. Nicole and I decided to Skype so I could interview her with questions. I later realized that Im not only a student wanting to gather information for a research paper, but Im her friend; therefore, I decided to take a train to Utrecht. I had to listen carefully as she expresses her thoughts, opinion, and feelings to me. One of the things I Learned from my Guide to critical thinking was, in order for me to be fair; I must consider the feelings of my friend. As I sat down next to her, I heard her pour out her feelings. I could see the way she was acting. Nicole was extremely nervous. She carried a bottle in her hand, fidgeting with it the whole time. I looked at her, asked her one more time if she really wants to do this. Nicole glanced at me with an extremely red face, telling me that it was all right. Nicole began with.. I dont know where to start.. following apologizes of how much I might be disturbed. Nicole was constantly asking Are you sure you want to know this.. I can see shes worrying that I might see her differently. READ: Social Networking Sites: Beneficial to Societys EssayFor 5 minutes, all Nicole could say is, Youll be shocked! As I sat there in front of her, she began, I always had problems with my mom.. Nicole switched schools in the 7th grade. That is when she developed an eating disorder. Nicole had no friends; people at school were mean, rude, and snobby. She had no attention. Due to that, Nicole stopped eating completely; but when she lost a huge amount of weight she got all the attention she wanted. At first, to me it was weird because I stopped eating because I was sad and people kept telling me I looked good. Nicole constantly desired attention from her friends at school. She received no attention from home. All Nicole wanted was to be noticed at home. Her situation made her seek love from people that do not matter. She got more and more desperate. Nicole is an only girl with two younger brothers. Her parents, especially her mother, treated her differently. Nicole was the least one with attention. Her mother always praised the boys whenever they accomplished something; they were always awarded. However, Nicole was never showed appreciation. Whenever my brothers and I fought, I would always be blamed! Nicole feels like her mother has failed at being a mom. I asked Nicole how she thought their parenting was, she said: Its bad. They give us everything we want. Were allowed to do a lot of stuff but she never consequences things.. It is hard to explain. She is just not a mother. She saw me not eat a lot and did not recognize that I had an eating disorder. Every once in a while I would hear Nicole repeating, I would do everything different. I would never compare things with other people like she does. I would also not compare my childhood with my childrens like she does. I wouldnt do that. Things change. Time changes. She is just not happy with her life and she brings it out on us. Nicole then glanced slowly at me and told me how her mother has shared with her her previous love. Her mother explained to her how she married her father because he could provide a decent life. Nicoles reaction was, I love my dad and I dont want him to be sad; but I know hes unhappy as well; but he is so madly in love with her. Nicole grew up having to take care of herself, her brothers, her father, and even her mother. I see that its and extremely hard task to do. Having to take care of your whole family knowing that none of them care. We went back to talking about her eating disorder. Nicole told me how whenever she had something to eat, shed throw up all of it. I slowly asked her how it made her feel to force herself to vomit all she had eaten. I was scared that I was being out of line but then she said: I do not know what was going on in my brain.. It is like having a cold; you cant do anything about it Its just there and its like being a complete different person. It makes you doing things that you actually dont want to do and you dont want to do it but you just do it. I could see Nicoles eye tearing up as she explained how she felt. Menna, Something inside you tells you do it. Do it That is when I realized, she was in the affection of trying to make herself feel better. Her mind was controlling her thoughts by using her looks as an attention seeker; thus, making her seeks attention at school. She was not accepted by her parents, especially her mother. Losing weight, gave her attention at school. It was her only way out of the weight she carried at home. I then asked Nicole, When was the moment you realized and decided you should stop and change? Nicole told me about the nightmares she had when she started dating Victor. I had nightmares My teeth were falling out It was really bad, and then my hair started falling off. This was the moment that Nicole had seen herself in the future. Nicole was lucky; she was able to visualize how her life would turn around if she carried on with this. Nicole had the opportunity, the chance to get out early before it gets worse. And that is when the fairytale started with the love of her life, Victor. He was the reason she was able to keep going; to hold on and face her fears. READ: The Good Earth: Wang Lung - A Man of Determination and Loyalty EssayI think its because I felt accepted from Victor. Nicole was able to find what she couldnt get from home. Nicole, how did it change you? â€Å"It made me realize how it is so weird that something is so powerful in your mind that makes you do things you dont want to do. As she was explaining her thoughts, I realized that the mind is strong; it is able to control what we want to know, and if it doesnt feel safe, it turns its back on everyone. Nicole then later on, confronted her parents on their parenting. She poured her heart out, telling them every single detail they did wrong. Leaving out the fact that she was Bulimic, Nicole had only told that to her father. I asked her why her mother doesnt know, she said: My mother could never handle this. Nicole later on then went to a psychological center for anorexic people to help out. It was then that she realized how thankful to god she is for helping her go through this. Nicole met girls that within a blink of an eye may die. She knew then that she should be grateful. The last question I asked my friend, Nicole, was How do you feel now that Im talking to you about this She answered with a smooth look, Its like a story. Nicoles father, Victor, and me were the only people who knew. That was it. I finished the interview. Got up and hugged my friend. As I sat listening to a person I knew, a person that I cared about, but I never considered their feelings as much. Everything made sense. I first asked myself, as I hear her tell her story, This doesnt make sense to me, its like I dont know this person. But then everything connected. I realized that Everyone has different reasons to why they endeavor to hide their emotional pain, that comes in the wake of negative beliefs about ourselves; evoked by a particular person or situation. In conclusion, we are just human. Humans fear the thought of others not responding with a caring or supportive way. People dread the thought of trusting themselves, to cope with others response of their fears. The most important strategy, opening yourself to others. Everyone comes from a completely different family, community, or school. Opening yourself to others gives you the option to be in someone elses world, giving you the choice to perceiving their goodness and kindness. I strongly believe that love comes from giving and knowledge. Many fear opening themselves up to others, afraid of what people may think, resulting to grasp no love from others. People are eager to tell others about their lives, but they fear rejection and rejection leads to conflicts within. Everyone fears that exposing themselves would make them seem weak to others; thus, giving the thought and feeling of no love or compassion from anyone. In conclusion, not all masks are evil. Its up to us how to identify the strategy to make the masks and the reason for each mask to motivate us to unconsciously choose which mask to wear. One must be true to themselves by altering the right mask. Love can be described in many ways. However, love is not only enough when said or told. I believe that if parents do not take care of their childs background, the child will eventually adapt within his or her own culture. Such events shape our lives. As you can see, every time Nicole fell down she got her self-right back up. A critical thinker must always seek better ways of doing things. Critical thinkers believe in the power of their minds.

Attitudes 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Attitudes 2 - Essay Example Furthermore, this link is solid when attitudes are founded on individual capability and direct reflection. Attitudes are crucial to an individual`s significance system, thus as a result making some attitudes to be more significant than other. In addition, the connection between behavior and attitude is strong when the availability of people`s attitude is extraordinary. The availability of an attitude is the comfort people feel in perceiving what they think about something or their capacity to express their attitude. There are various aspects that affect availability or accessibility; these encompass anticipations, cognitive explanation, recency of activation, and regularity of stimulation. For instance, in the anticipation factor, a person is likely to think more when he or she knows he will have to assess an item in the future. Moreover, the extra task a person performs the stronger and accessible the attitude becomes concerning the cognitive expansion. Concerning regularity of activation, the more an individual thinks about something, the more accessible his or her attitude towards it will be. The attitudes are not consistent with the behavior concerning organ donation because social pressure. Thus, this can be strengt hened by the regularity activation, where the more a person thinks about donating an organ, the more likely he or she is bout to change his attitude and also sign up to be among the donors. Accordingly, it may also be solid when the likelihood of the public attractiveness is reduced. This implies that people may act in a different ways when not in public. Therefore, these are some of the examples demonstrating the inconsistence of attitudes with people`s

Sunday, July 28, 2019

Summary of the Key Points in Systematic Theology Assignment

Summary of the Key Points in Systematic Theology - Assignment Example Summaries of; Radical Orthodoxy: A New Theology by John Milbank, Catherine Pickstock & Graham Ward Radical Orthodoxy: A New Theology depicts Christ as a revolution through the study of religion. The book examines the influence of Christ figure in accordance to pious truths, and knowledge. Chapter two of the book debates on the subject of identifying Christ theological doctrines1. The chapter opposes the idea of Christ being identified with any form of doctrines basing its points on the creative transformation of theology that breaks the affiliation between individuals. An example of creative transformation theory is the reductionism. This theory advocates for the notion of comprehending the universe by closely studying all the aspects leading to living and non-living things2. The transformation has emerged to be a key issue in the daily experiences of Christians in the universe. Religion has transformed to accommodate to the perception that Christ is associated with the creative tran sformation theology. Religious beliefs differ globally, and individuals have currently adopted the affirmation of principles and individuals beliefs in the scriptures. Radical Orthodoxy: A New Theology is a period when Christians lose meaning as a church because of the worldly materials and perceptions3. Handbook of process theology by McDaniel Jay & Bowman Donna Individuals have misunderstood salvation to mean various things. The assorted perceptions of individuals regarding salvation are that salvation is a total experience of Gods love, whereas, other believes that salvation is a deliverance from a terrorist group or an incurable ailment. Theologians describe salvation in three main processes4. The first process shows the capability and the physical attributes of the salvation process. Secondly, the second procedure shows the experiential course of salvation. This process studies individuals behavior of salvation, yet they do not clearly reflect on the idea5. Lastly, the third pr ocedure is the theological explanation of salvation. This stage takes into consideration the various experiences found in salvation. The need for salvation has propelled theologians to research on the nature and importance of salvation. Various issues have led to the urge of salvation. Destruction of one’s freedom results to the desire of freedom, since the subjugated person, depicts the image of the dominator. Freedom plays a fundamental task in the development of demolition. Individuals who fail to understand the concept of control results to committing sin, as a result, of the surrender or complete lack of knowledge. Christians comprehend that the feeling of God is associated to peace and divine, human activities. They believe that the fulfillment of salvation is the promises of everlasting life6. Matters of Life and Death by Cobb, John Christ is discussed to be God and human, since He performed Godly deeds and passed through human’s rites of passages. Theological a spect of the displaced body of Christ bases on the traditional aspect of the scriptures traditions and the church as an aspect of the risen Christ. Theologians have discussed constitutes of Christ body7. One school of thought states that Christ’s body is amalgamation spiritual and Angels flesh, whereas, another school of thought argues that the body is composed of human flesh. Christ incarnation and circumcision emphasizes the gendered character of Christ. It disputes that Christ was a mortal,

Saturday, July 27, 2019

Positive and negative impact of international institutions on Essay

Positive and negative impact of international institutions on developing countries - Essay Example Therefore, the paper will focus on how these institutions have contributed to development and how their influence has had negative impacts on developing nations. An overview of operations of international institution in Developing Countries Since the advent of globalisation, international organisations have increased their operations in developing countries. International trade has spread all over the world at a faster rate than experienced before this phenomenon. In their quest for economic, as well as social progress in the last four to five decades, developing countries have embraced policies that promote international trade. Consequently, their share of exports has increased to one third from one fourth during the 1960’s. The World Bank and UNCTAD have taken part in trade activities in regions such as Central America, East Asia, and Africa. The formation of these institutions aimed at enhancing global trade. With development loans offered by these institutions, developing nations have managed to carry out development projects (Young, 2000). While taking part in development activities, in developing countries, international institutions contend that an enabling international environment is of paramount importance. They argue that such an environment enables developing countries and other economies under transition to have successful integration into the economy of the world. International trade also allows developing countries to develop reliable capabilities of supply, which will be in line with the market demands, improve networking, promote development and transfer of technology, as well as increase productivity. International institutions emphasize that developing nations should promote growth and development by instituting policies, which will encourage international trade. As such, governments of developing countries should provide adequate resources, improve the capacity of institutions, enhance technological capacity, and improve infrastructur e. Positive and negative impact of World Bank and UNCTAD on developing countries The World Bank came to being after the end of the Second World War; the political climate present during the time of its formation was different from the current political climate in the world of today. The institutional structures of this organization were incorporated in Bretton Woods, at an international conference held in New Hampshire. The initial purpose of forming the World Bank was to provide aid in terms of loans to developing nations. The main targets included the countries facing a crisis of balance of payment deficits and immense difficulties in settling debts (Wantchekon 2002, p. 59). Originally, the purpose and focus of World Bank aimed at lending money to European government of the West in order to assist them in rebuilding their countries as a result of the war. However, the attention of the World Bank later focussed on giving loans to developing countries for development purposes. UNCTA D came into being during the early years of 1960s. During the early 1960s, there grew concerns about the place of developing countries in international trade. This made most of these nations to advocate for the convening of a conference devoted to dealing with problems

Friday, July 26, 2019

Why do bioacchaeologists pay so much attention to human dental remains Essay

Why do bioacchaeologists pay so much attention to human dental remains - Essay Example It is possible to identify whether the human bone remain is composed of an infant to be present with an adult(s), or an adult alone. (Janaway et al., 2001; 202 – 204) Other detailed information that can be gathered from human bone remains includes the height of an individual and the possible causes of death such as cut-marks, abrasions or surface etching on the bones among others. However, there is a limitation in the study of human bone remains. Bone assembly is not enough to determine the sex information of an individual. (Stini, 1985) Due to the limitations in study the human bone remains, the use of human dentition in personal identification of the victims of violence, accidents, disaster, homicides, suicides, or other unfortunate events such as fire is commonly used and is widely accepted. (Jones, 1998) It is possible to conduct a personal identification of deceased individuals in two ways: (1) by comparing the antemortem (before death) dental records with the human dental remains; and (2) by collecting and recording the postmortem (after death) dental profile which will be used in comparing with the antemortem records. (Sweet and DiZinno, 1996) Postmortem dental profiling enables Bioarchaeologists to stay focused in the search for the antemortem record which normally contains information related to the deceased’s age, ancestry background, sex, and socio-economic status. In some cases, the antemortem record also provides information concerning the deceased’s occupation, habitual behaviours, dietar y habits, and dental or systemic diseases. In line with the importance of studying the importance of human dental remains, this study will identify the importance of dental development in determining the approximate age of an individual; the difference in determining the sex of an individual based on archaeological skeletal and human dental remains; the use of human dental remains in determining

Thursday, July 25, 2019

Research of GEN George Washington, specifically focusing on leadership Essay

Research of GEN George Washington, specifically focusing on leadership qualities he possessed to become an effective leader and how he influenced the developmen - Essay Example Long overseas deployments and worsening situation in Iraq may soon affect the very sustainability of AVF. (Greenewalt, 1969) Thus, new ways have to be evolved to attract sufficient and suitable youth towards the AVF. The future leaders of this country will need all lessons of history to motivate the youth towards joining the AVF. Towards this end, applicability of leadership qualities displayed by Gen George Washington and President George Washington during Revolution and initial formative years of America cannot be overemphasized. The aspect that he was trusted unanimously and the fact that he managed to successfully lead the military revolution against England using a ill-trained, war-torn, disarrayed and demotivated army gives an insight of his capabilities to turn-around an adverse situation and achieve seemingly impossible results effectively. This study aims at bringing out various leadership traits of Gen George Washington which need to be studied and emulated by present and... Aim This study aims at bringing out various leadership traits of Gen George Washington which need to be studied and emulated by present and future generations of American leaders to effectively maintain military's present all voluntary structure and yet successfully achieve desired results more effectively. Brief Biography (http://www.nps.gov/history/logcabin/html/gw6.html) Born in 1732, George Washington, in his initial years, dreamt of mastering military art and western expansion while learning high morals and also gathered knowledge required by a Virginia gentleman. After working briefly for land survey, George Washington was commissioned as a Lieutenant Colonel in Virginia Militia in 1754. He fought French and Indian wars as an aide to Gen Edward Braddock. His experiences helped develop his skills to be a great military leader later needed in the fight for independence from England. During 1759 - 1775 until outbreak of revolution, Washington managed his lands around Mount Vernon. During protests with England for excess taxes, Washington firmly expressed his objections to British policies. While serving as a Virginia delegate to the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia in 1775, he was unanimously elected Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army. He took over command of his ill-trained troops and entered a war of independence lasting 8 years. Gen George Washington was a brave leader, using military tactics learned during formative years efficiently. Most importantly, he utilised the element of surprise besides maintaining morale of troops during most adverse conditions and turning them around to serve well-beyond stipulated engagement

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

Statistics for managers individual work wk9 Coursework

Statistics for managers individual work wk9 - Coursework Example The high prices houses are said to be determined by the number of bedrooms, the age of the house, and the number of the bathrooms and their quality. The closeness to the cosmopolitan cities and the shabby (Byers et al 1997). The average selling prices of the houses in USA is also determined by other factor like the prestige associated by the locality of the house. A survey conducted on the Public opinion polls measure not only acceptance of the selling prices of the houses in USA by the citizens, but also public opinion on a wide range of social and economic issues that attribute to the prices of the houses. Public opinion is a critical force in shaping and transforming society most on the matter that influence and affect the public in general. Through opinion research, the public, the media and other interested groups have access to accurate measures of public attitudes and intentions on the issue of the selling prices of the houses. Sociologists can follow shifts of opinion on the major social problems and chart the evolution of the values. And citizens can now make themselves be heard at all times and compare their own view with those of others (Byers et al 1997). There seems to be two groups of academic researchers, in which one continues to support the high selling prices of the houses in USA and its positive impact to the economy, they believe that the main purposes of investment in real estate business is to improve real economic value. It is also agreed that housing leads to improvement in productivity, innovation, and job creation in every field of economy (Kraemer and Dedrick 1996; Agarwal, 1997; Shin 1999; Gray et al, 2000; Lee & Bose 2002; Laudon and Laudon, 2011; and Gecti and Dastan, 2013). The other group criticizes the bad impact of high selling prices of the houses on ecomony and the fact that high selling prices lead to development of low house quality leading to

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

Frank Gilbreth and his contributions to Management History Research Paper

Frank Gilbreth and his contributions to Management History - Research Paper Example Secondly, Lillian Gilberth made major contributions to the psychology of management. Thirdly, both before and after the death of her husband, Lillian was an active teacher – she trained some of the most significant figures in the world of business. Additionally, she was a significant role model for women in management in her later years (Witzel, 145). After graduating from Boston English High School, Gilbreth later worked for Whidden and Company Construction as a bricklayer’s apprentice. Later, beginning 1895, he founded Frank Gilbreth construction and became its president until 1911. The company put up projects throughout the US. Beginning the year 1912, Gilbreth and his wife formed Gilbreth Consulting Incorporated. While he was working at Whidden Construction, Gilbreth did not find satisfaction with simply learning a skill but yearned to get to know the reason as to why his instructors used different motions as they taught him to lay a brick while when working alone, they used only one set of motion to lay a brick (Witzel, 209). He also realized that the bricklayers were using three dissimilar sets of motions – one for teaching bricklaying to others, a second while working at a slow speed, and a third while working at a quickly (Nelson.com, 9). These observations saw the start of Gilbreth’s groundbreaking work in the study of motion as well as ergonomics (the scientific workplace layout that reduces fatigue and improves work performance at the same time) and brought about his invention. While he was only 24, Gilbreth received the first of numerous patents for what he referred to as his â€Å"non-stooping scaffold†. He designed the scaffold with the aim of improving the rate at which workers laid bricks. As he observed bricklayer’s movements, Gilbreth came to the realization that it was possible to reduce the number of individual movements that workers made while moving every brick to the wall they were building from t he pallet. This would culminate into a double impact of reducing the amount of energy that they would have to use in addition to accelerating the work (Witzel, 209 & Witzel, 144-145). He started studying the various approaches and started doing away with those motions that were not necessary. For instance, he designed a stand that workers could raise to waist height, which eliminated the motion of stooping to lift each brick (Nelson.com, 9). Witzel explains that before Gilbreth’s design, bricklayers used most of their time stooping to lift bricks and then mortar, which they kept beside their feet. Gilbreth’s invention added a second level at the waist height of the workers to aid in storing materials. The scaffold would be hoisted in such a way that the top of the wall that workers were building was even with their torsos at all times. Instead of bending down now and then, workers would only turn and grab the bricks and this was easier and faster (Nelson.com, 9). The m ost significant fact was that the design deliberately decreased the amount of fatigue as well as stress on the backs of the workers – they were able to lay more bricks daily, with less exhaustion, chiefly in terms of back strain (Witzel, 209). Additionally, by giving those workers whose salaries were low the duty of putting all the bricks with their most attractive side facing

Great Expectations Essay Example for Free

Great Expectations Essay Home in today’s society can be described in many ways, but is ultimately expressed as more of a feeling of safety and love. Sonsyrea Tate claims You can leave home all you want, but home will never leave you. In essence, the feeling of home is a part of the character and who he/she will become. In Charles Dickens Great Expectations, Pip examines the true meaning of home and how the subjective opinion of home can reflect who a person becomes. He illustrates this idea using recurring appearances of home-like symbols, the way Pip’s definition of home changes throughout the novel, and how he shows Pip’s acquired feelings after moving into higher society. Throughout the novel Pip experiences many obstacles and in these are constant symbols that hint at a sense of â€Å"home† that Pip could be missing. When Pip is in a frustrating situation he looks to where everything first began which ends up being where he grew up- the mist over the marshes. This mist to Pip could be to most people as their home, kitchen, or even office where they feel most comfortable. He looks to the marshes for reassurance in what is right or wrong. He searches the marshes numerous times for what seems to be answers, â€Å"once again, this mists were rising as [Pip] walked away. If they disclosed [him], as [he] suspect[ed] they did, [he] should never come back (286). When people are confused or frightened, they usually run to where they feel safest and can reassure themselves with what they think is best. This place for many is home. Just as Mrs. Joe continuously reminds Pip of how he needs to be better, the marshes are a continuous reminder of where Pip should be. This could be shown to many as a feeling of homesickness, an emotion many can relate to. Whenever Pip has the moment to think, he ponders how he should reach out to Joe and his past reminding him again that he should be around those who love him. As Pip sits and ponders to himself he thinks â€Å"†¦and liable to be taken out of those rooms where [Pip] [sits] thinking, and hanged at the Old Bailey door, that [he] had deserted Joe† (324). Also when Pip returns home a few times he feels upset and guilty because he knows leaving was the wrong thing to do. At these times Pip tries to reconnect with the loved ones he deserted, such as Biddy and Joe, but over all his attempts still do not amount to the missing sense of home Pip has. All of these reminders; the marshes, repeating thoughts, and guilty feelings all represent to Pip of symbols that remind him of home. As Pip is growing into a young man, home is more of a place than an emotion. Pip never really feels completely welcome in the place where he is brought up. Mrs.  Joe’s constant and repeating reminder of how Pip is more of a burden to her is made known as she says I didn’t bring you up by hand to bagger peoples lives out. It would be a blame on to me, and not praise, if I had. , than a reward to her is evidence to Pip that to her he is somewhat worthless. (12) Pip doesn’t know of any other home besides the one with Mrs. Joe. Every person image of home has its differences, and the one Pip has at the moment isn’t a real pleasant one. Which in the long run could be a factor contributing to why Pip did not really know what home felt like to begin with. In the beginning of the novel, Pips definition of home is very unwelcoming and dark considering who he is surrounded by. Pip explains how Mrs. Joe is abusive to him My sister made a dive at me and fished me up by the hair saying nothing more than awful words and how her appearance isn’t comforting as he describes her as †¦with black hair and eyes, had such a prevailing redness of skin that I had sometimes used to wonder whether it was possible she washed herself with a nutmeg-grater instead of soap (10) (6). As Pip continues to grow and continuing with his move to London he never really has a permanent home, but more of multiple places he stays at for some time. Although, towards the end of the novel, the reader witnesses Joes forgiving and loving character shine through to Pip. Joe’s character seems to hint to Pip of what a good home could feel like without for some time Pip entirely catching on to these hints. Pip eventually becomes more conscious of the feeling of home and being welcome when the symbols and thoughts come to his conscience. Thus representing his dramatic change and realization he comes to, home isn’t characterized by the places one moves, but more by the feelings received from the people who make he/she feel most content and welcome. Since Pip encounters a large change in how he is placed in society, he begins to have mixed feelings towards the large alter. People are often blinded by the possessions they want instead of possessions that ultimately mean something in the long run. Pips upbringing was greatly influenced by the strive to be better and the shame of where his family was originally placed in social standing. The actions of his sister and guardian, Mrs. Joe, reminding Pip about how he is a burden and the actions of Mr. Pumblechook lying about being affiliated with higher class just to be recognized with more power because of his connections shine brightly to Pip making him think he is not good enough. Out of all of the people in Pips life it was his sister’s husband, Joe, who believes in Pip and allows Pip to eventually realize what home is supposed to be. Joe’s representation as the father figure to Pip allows Pip to feel welcome. Sometimes in society the feeling of home doesn’t have to be my parents or family, but can just be who makes or where you feel accepted. Pip feels safe around Joe but considering Pips upbringing telling him that he needs to be better embarrassment is shown by Pip more often than thankfulness for what Joe did for him. Pip goes throughout life with no actual real home connection, but just a coming across of places. When Joe goes to visit Pip in London, the feeling of embarrassment Pip receives by Joe’s presence is recognized greatly and Joe identifies this. Joe says to Pip, You and me is not two figures to be together in London, nor anywheres else but what is private†¦ Diwisions among such must come (223). Joe forgiving Pip almost instantly for his actions of wanting to not be affiliated with Joe any longer, remind Pip that he will always be there, no matter what the circumstances. Which dear old Pip, old chap, you and me was every friends. And when you’re well enough to go our for a ride-what larks! (486). After these encounters with Joe in London, Pip finally starts to realize the monster he has turned into. Pip realizes Joe is the one who makes him feel accepted and welcome and begins to feel guilty for his repulsive actions towards Joe. As he thinks to himself, I would not have gone back to Joe now, I would not have gone back to Biddy now, for any consideration: simply, I suppose, because my sense of my own worthless conduct to them was greater than every consideration. No wisdom on earth could have given me the comfort that I should have derived from their simplicity and fidelity; but I could never, never, never, undo what I had done† (324). At his turning point, Pip sees that beyond doubt what matters is being where you are accepted and acknowledged by ones who love you, not by where you stand in society. This realization is a parallel to what home represents. Pip realizes that with Joe is where he should be and where he feels most content with himself. This is the most significant recognition of the symbol of home Pip receives. Pip at this point begins to understand that home isn’t a place, but a feeling or intuition. While Pip encounters many obstacles throughout his life, he finds his true self in his realization of what the meaning of home truly is to him. The constant appearance of home, the realization of the true definition of home, and the feelings Pip faces when he changes from lower to higher class. All teach the lesson that home becomes a part of a person, even if it takes some time to figure out what home really means. All people perceive the symbol of home and the feelings connected with it differently. How many different perceptions of home could there be? Do people ever not have a sense of home? Pips ultimate lesson turns out to be that to him home is not just a place, but a feeling existing within ones mind and heart. Often times this lesson is a turning point in many lives.

Monday, July 22, 2019

Person Centred Care Essay Example for Free

Person Centred Care Essay Individuality- Being unique and not seeing a person with their illness. This is important to make someone feel like his/her own person. Rights- Each person is entitled to their rights and they should be respected. This is important to make sure that everyone is treated the same. Choice- Make sure you choose the right choice and give them the right choice of their carer. This is important so that a person is comfortable with their choice. Privacy- This is respecting another’s privacy. This is important because a person could get embarrassed if their privacy is not respected and have low self esteem Dignity- Make sure you respect someone’s dignity this is important so that they don’t feel embarrassed. Independence- Not doing everything for a person. This is important so that a person is able to do certain things for him/herself Respect- Recognising them as a person. Read more:Â  Evaluate the Use of Care Plans in Applying Person-Centred Values This is important so that a person is felt like they are being treated fairly no matter what their sex, age or religion is. Partnership- Working with an older person or a vulnerable adult this could be the health services, social services, education services, family, friends or even informal carers. You must be able to explain the best practice which requires social care workers to be able to work in person centred ways reference to the current legalisation such as the government papers and the codes of practice. You also must be able to explain how the individuals receive the best of care once they decide what they want and how they want it to be delivered. Consent in adult social care refers to the provision of approval or agreement, particularly and especially after thoughtful consideration. Social care workers must gain the consent of an individual so that they are able to help the individual out it is also because of legal implications, for example if someone is going to clean an individual they need permission to do so before they go ahead. A social care worker might gain the consent of an individual by verbally or written confirmation, by asking questions by giving the individual different choices. If a social care worker is unable to get consent due to the individual not being able to express themselves due to a mental illness or a lack of mental capacity or even because they are terminally ill then their consent may be obtained by asking their family or their next of kin.

Sunday, July 21, 2019

Practical Ways Of Promoting Resilience Young People Essay

Practical Ways Of Promoting Resilience Young People Essay Resilience as described by many writers is a complex term and therefore needs to be understood in the context. Resilience is normally sought in the child, family and community (Phillips, G. 2008). As professionals, attending training courses helps us to seek something that may assist us in our understanding of those areas. This keeps us in seeking mood and all the time, we tend to keep attention outside ourselves. When we as practitioners recognise resilience in ourselves, we can them be able to facilitate resiliency, thereby linking theory to practice (Phillips, G. (2008). DEFINING RESILIENCE There are many definitions of resilience by different authors. In this context therefore, resilience is defined by Share and Lowlor (2009: 269) as ability to thrive, mature and increase competences in the face of adverse circumstances. Overall, when loved ones absence or presence remains a mystery, meaning and purpose are essential to finding the health and life. After 9/11, some survivors believed that their loved ones being in the Twin Towers at the time of the attack was predestined or Gods will. Many who believed this continue to trust in God to see them through their travels while they move forward with their lives (Boss, P 2006:97). Some characteristics associated with resilient children include cognitive proficiency (especially intellectual curiosity and problem solving), autonomy, good social skills and internal locus of control (Share and Lowlor (2009: 269). Resilience is the capacity to transcend adversity may be seen as the essential quality with care planning and provision should seek to stimulate as a key outcome of the care offered (Gilligan, R. 1997: 14) It is suppressing how resilient people are despite having experienced high risk situation, such as war, disaster, loss, and adversity during childhood and adolescence (Waaktaar, T. Chrisrtie, H, J. Borge, A. Torgersen, S. 2004: 164). Adult who promote resilience make family and institutional supports available to children. They empower children to become independent, responsible, and empathic at altruistic and to approach people and situation with hope, faith and trust (John, M. 1997: 24). However, adults can help children identify resilience behaviours more easily in themselves and others, such as using vocabulary to reinforce these feeling and beliefs that promote resilience and to guide their own childrens behaviour. Therefore, the greater their opinion for acting in the ways that help children met situation such as crisis in their lives with greater strength and hope John, M 1997: 26). Therefore, the most critical key to resiliency is the ability to hold two opposing ideas at the same time. Whatever part is taken, the search for the meaning is much more difficult when the loss is unclear (Boss, P. 2006: 97). THREE THEORIES OF RESILIENCE (1) The Childs Sense of a Secure Base : The growth of a child is influenced by secure attachments which supply him/her with a reliable secure base (Bowlby 1988). Furthermore, it encourages and renders safe exploration of the childs inner world. A young persons sense of secure base therefore is cultivated by a sense of belonging within supportive social networks, attachment relationships to reliable and responsible people and by routine and structures in their lives (Gilligan, R. 1997: 15-16). However, I HAVE factors is one of the external supports and resources that promote resilience in children according to John, M. (1997: 26-27). I HAVE factors includes: trusting relationships, (parents, other family members, teachers, and friends who love and have the interest and welfare of the child), structures and rules at home, (parents who provides rules and routine expects the child to follow them, for example, the task the child is expected to perform, when the rule is broken, the child is helped to understand what he/she did wrong). Others includes: access to health, education, welfare and security services which is available to the child. (2) The Childs Self Esteem: this is based on persons sense of their own worthiness and competences. Rutter (1990) came up with two types of experience which is important in influencing self esteem in young children and they are, secure and harmonious love relationship, and success in accomplishing tasks by others as central to their interests. Also success in an endeavour which the person values may do much to combat a sense of failure in other spheres of ones life (Rutter, 1990 cited Gilligan, R. 1997:17). Therefore, factors such as I AM are the childs internal and personal strengths. These are feelings, attitudes, and beliefs within the child, for example, a resilient child would say: I am proud of myself: this means the child knows that he/she is an important individual and is proud of who he/she is and what he/she is capable of doing and can achieve. I am autonomous and responsible: the child can do a lot with his/her initiative and be responsible and accountable for his/her acti ons or mistakes. I am filled with hope, faith, and trust: the child knows and believes that he/she has hope and there are people and institution which he/she can trust and have faith in. Finally, the child will realise that he/she is loveable and his/her temperament is appealing, he/she is loving, empathic and altruistic (John, M. 1997: 28). (3) Sense of Self Efficacy: this is a situation were parenting style influences whether a child acquires a sense of internal control with regards to attaining desired outcomes. Some factors which promote childs self efficacy includes the parent / caregiver beliefs in the childs own sense of control, responsiveness, consistency, warmth, praise, support and encouragement to the childs to engage / participate in his/her environment (Sandler et al, 1989 cited Gilligan, R. 1997: 17). Moreover, I CAN factor helps to promote the childs sense of efficacy because; it is the childs social and interpersonal skills. Children acquire these skills by constant interaction with others and those who educate them, for example, a resilient child would say: I can communicate: at this stage, the child expresses thoughts and feelings, also be empathetic towards others. I can solve problem: the child can assess a situation of a problem, finds out what needs to be done to resolve the issues and if help is needed form others. Also I can manage my feelings and impulses; I can gauge the temperature of myself and others, and finally seek trusting relationship (John, M. 1997: 29). PRACTICAL WAYS OF PROMOTING RESILIENCE In promoting resilience, any work with children must be similarly in the contexts of their families, school, communities, and the large society (Grotherg, E, H. 2003: 5) Therefore, as a social care practitioner, it is important to know that we are only able to influence that portion of resilience that is amenable to influence through social experience. We cannot affect the degree of resilience that a person has temperamentally due to what they have inherited through their genes (Gilligan, R 2001: 6). As a Social Worker, we can encourage purposeful contact between the child, the family, and other key adults for the childs past, encourage positive school experience, encourage friendships with peers, actively foster interest, strong social network, involvement and talents in sports, music, hobbies or cultural pursuits, help the child to rehearse, and discuss problem solving and coping skills and strategies. Also, each of these I AM, I HAVE, and I CAN factors suggest numerous actions children, parent / caregiver, and practitioner can take to promote resilience (Gilligan, R. 1997: 18-21) This Scenario was adopted from the International Resilience Project by Grotberg, E, H. (2003: 30) A nine year old boy went out of the house even after his father told him not to go out. The father did not know about this until he realized it was late and the boy was not at home. You will promote resilience if you talk to him when he returns and ask why he broke the rules (I HAVE); if you make clear that his behaviour is not acceptable even with his excuses, and that he is responsible for what he did (I AM); and if you talk with him about what needs to be done to prevent this kind of behaviour in the future (I CAN). He will learn from his experience to use resilience to face this adversity, to learn from it, and to behave in a more responsible way in the future. You do not promote resilience if you yell at him or spank him when he comes home, and accuse him of being a bad boy. Then you make him feel guilty, but resentful, and you have given him a label of bad boy, which will influence his idea of himself in the future. He will have difficulty dealing with a future adverse situation, even one that he creates, because he lacks resilience and none is being promoted.

Saturday, July 20, 2019

The Ebola Virus :: Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever (Ebola HF)

The Ebola Virus 10 out of 10 people infected with it will die with die with it. It is airborne. It is 100 times more contagious than AIDS. It has no known origin, vaccination or cure. It kills you in such a way that even highly trained professionals get sick from just hearing about the effects. It is real and it has started its attack on the human race. Mrs. Landau and fellow classmates. The symptoms I have just described to you are real. These are symptoms to a real and fatal virus. The virus's name is Ebola and it has started its burn into our society. Like the AIDS virus, nothing really is known about it except its effect on people. Like the AIDS virus, there is no cure, treatment or vaccination. Unlike the AIDS virus which can take up to 8 to 10 years to kill you, this virus can take as little as to 8 to 10 hours to result fatally. It starts off with a fever and symptoms of the flu. Then the muscles in your face stop moving freezing your face into a mask. Just before death, you start to bleed from every opening in your body starting from your nose and mouth to your gums. Your internal organs liquefy and you vomit them up. In reality, the virus has attempted to turn its host into a virus. You are dead before you have even started to show signs of this virus. It is believed that it is some sort of mutated form of AIDS because it started in the original spot as AIDS did, Kinshasa and moved along the highway ripping its way through Northern Africa. As of now there are an estimated 150 000 people who have died from this virus. This figure is in Africa alone. In October 1989, monkeys were dying by the hundreds in a building 2 miles away from the White House. They were diagnosed as dying from Ebola. Except that this strain of Ebola was not harmful to humans. It only killed monkeys. If a virus can change its metabolism into a virus which only kills monkeys, it could change its metabolism into a virus which only kills people.

The Business of the Ford Corporation :: Ford, automobiles, business,

The state where I live is ‘Ford Country†. There are many Ford auto products such as autos and trucks driven daily. Although I am not fully familiar with the intricacies of the Ford Corporation, the business dealing with this organization is endless. Ford’s marketing department responsibility lies with one state where there are 6 other competitors in the Ford organization, its product price is the area where a difference advantage for the Ford Company can occur. The ability to achieve such a goal for the Ford organization begin with the auto manufacturer production capacities and prices of its highest-volume cars, the target market and the buying patterns of its customers. Using the 4Ps –Production, and the Ford organization, the banks might watch the auto manufacturers sticker prices and the prices which the auto sales for. Plus, the Ford Company knows its sudden excess capacity in production of its auto has created capacity overload. As a result, the Ford organization competitive environment has prevented Ford and other auto makers from increasing its prices. As marketing director, Ford’s production of auto’s will continue but with less models. For instance, last year the Ford auto maker was able to hold the production line on its prices.[2].On the other hand, because of strong competitive environment, this prevents the Ford organization from increasing the autos and trucks prices [3]. The Ford organization can differentiate its product from rival competitors using price. The company can only offer lower price, by reducing the current line of autos and trucks costs. The marketer wants to consider the immediate an d future plant productions of autos made in its other plants. Especially, if certain auto and truck engine production plants will distinguish to meet Ford’s manufacturing according to each Ford production plant state engine need, thus, Ford can further differentiate its auto product. For example, in states where auto and trucks fuel emission engines are a concern the company will want to address this need of the customer. For example, Ford will want to reduce the emission cost of its auto and trucks in states such as California, New York and Massachusetts, or cut out the consumer cost.

Friday, July 19, 2019

Why is it important for the school to concern itself with childrens :: Education

Why is it important for the school to concern itself with children's social and emotional development? Examine ways in which this could be attempted. In light of the current climate and the pressure on schools to improve standards, it may seem a strange question to ask. However it is such a fundamental issue that it is not only important but also vital for the school to concern itself with children's social and emotional development. This duty is now no longer an option. The aims of the National Curriculum as set out in the1988 Education Reform Act states that a school's curriculum should: "promote the spiritual, moral, cultural, mental and physical development of pupils at the school and of society." (Kyriacou,1995)(p.18) Before elucidating on this question, it is important to know exactly what is meant by social and emotional development. Daniel Goldman defines 'Emotional Intelligence' as an ability firstly to understand why we behave the way we do and secondly to control those actions that are inappropriate to the situation. It is also the ability to empathise and understand the emotions of others (Goldman 1996). Hence, the ultimate aim in this area with regards to child rearing is for a well-balanced and centred human being. The majority of people also generally accept that to have been loved and accepted unconditionally by just one other human being, as a child is enough for them to grow to be normal and well balanced adults. It is therefore very clear that parents have a large influence over this area of development. So, why should schools concern themselves with the social and emotional development of children? Bandura, one of the main exponents of social learning theories argues that there has been an underestimation of the importance of modelling, particularly with regards to learning social skills (Fontana, 1988). Children have a great tendency to imitate the behaviour of others. This imitation tends to be of people who enjoy status and standing. This starts with parents first. It then includes outside people such as teachers who in the majority of cases for children are the first outside relationship that holds a position of authority. Teachers act as role models for children. It is not so much what a teacher tells a child but more the way he/she behaves towards the child that has the influence. Bandura held that children learn social behaviour through social contacts. In particular he made a study of aggression. He showed how children who were exposed to adult aggression, were more likely to become aggressive themselves. It was not the fact that these children were exposed to aggression but the fact that the aggressive behaviour seemed to be sanctioned by the adults.

Thursday, July 18, 2019

Research Paper on Extraction of Pectin Essay

Sampalok, being of prehistoric introduction, is planted throughout the settled areas of the Philippines and is cultivated for its many uses. The plant is a large tree from 12 to 25 meters in height. The pods are oblong, thickened, and 6 to 15 centimetres by 2 to 3 centimeters, slightly compressed, and provided with a thin, crustaceous epicarp and a pulpy, acid, edible mesocarp. The young leaves flowers, leaves, and young pods are being used by people for seasoning foods like â€Å"sinigang†. The pulp surrounding the seeds, called â€Å"malasebo† is eaten outright either with or without salt (E. Quisumbing, 1951). Sampalok pulp contains Pectin which can be useful in our society and possibly be extracted. Pectin is a structural heteropolysaccharide contained in the primary cell walls of terrestrial plants. The main use for pectin (vegetable agglutinate) is as a gelling agent, thickening agent and stabilizer in food. On this account, the researcher would like to experiment on tamarind pods, which has Pectin content and to extract it for further use, which can help in the food industry here in our country. Statement of the Problem The study aims to extract Pectin from Sampalok (Tamarindus indica) pods. Specifically to answer, the following questions: * How can Pectin be extracted from Sampalok? * How much Pectin can be extracted from the Tamarind fruit? * What general characteristics did the Pectin from the Tamarind fruit exhibit? Hypotheses * Pectin cannot be extracted from Tamarind. * No amount of Pectin can be extracted from the Tamarind. * The tamarind fruit did not exhibit characteristics of Pectin. Significance of the Study This study will help reduce the country’s importation of pectin from other countries. . Based from Government’s statistical data, our country had imported about 93,150 kilos of pectin in 2008. The cost incurred in importing Pectin is about P27, 000 per kilo. Finding an alternative source of pectin from locally grown plants like tamarind will help reduce the country’s dependence on pectin importation as well as help the local economy. If proven that pectin can be commercially extracted from tamarind then the local populace will be encouraged to cultivate tamarind as extra income. Scope and Limitations In this study, the researcher is only limited to use the tamarind pulp surrounding the seeds, called â€Å"malasebo† Tamarind pulp is the main independent variable in the extraction of pectin except for the materials needed for the extraction process. This project is limited only in extracting pectin from tamarind pulp. Review of Related Literature Pectin is defined as complex mixtures of polysaccharides that make up approximately one third of the cell-wall dry substance of most types of plants (Van Buren, 1991). The function of pectin in plants is to contribute structural integrity to the cell wall and adhesion between cells.   The methods of extraction will vary based on the actual makeup for each particular plant type. For example, protopectins are brought into solution by hot dilute acids. The general makeup of the pectin content varies with ripening of the plant and it is fairly easily brought into solution depending on the plant type (Van Buren, 1991). Commercial pectin extraction is mainly from citrus peel and apple pomace, but several other sources exist such as sugar beets and sunflower heads.   Because it is a natural additive for foods, pectin is being considered for a number of applications beyond the traditional jams and jellies. Pectin is now used as thickeners, water binders, and stabilizers. It is used in yogurts and pastry glazes and as a stabilizer in drinkable yogurts and blends of milk and fruit juices (May, 1990). Pectin is also being used as a texturizing fat replacer to mimic the mouth-feel of lipids in low-calorie foods and shorter chain galacturonic acids have been considered as clarification agents in fruit juices (Braddock, 1999). Pectin is also being used as a texturizing fat replacer to mimic the mouth-feel of lipids in low-calorie foods and shorter chain galacturonic acids have been considered as clarification agents in fruit juices (Braddock, 1999). Pectin has also been investigated for its usefulness in the pharmaceutical industry. Among other uses it has been considered in the class of dietary fibers known to have a positive effect on digestive processes and to help lower cholesterol (Braddock, 1999). It also is utilized to stabilize liquid pharmaceutical emulsions and suspensions. Pectin is capable of forming gels with sugar and acid. Because of this gelling ability one of the well-known uses of pectin is in high sugar jams and confectionery jellies, dating back to at least the 18th century (IPPA, 2001). METHODOLOGY The subsequent materials were used in the study: 1 kg fresh tamarind fruit, 750g water, kettle, a large bowl, cheese cloth, sieve, isopropanol, and drying oven. The fruit pods will then be put in the kettle and boiled for one hour. When boiling, heat to low and stir occasionally to break up pods. Transfer cooked pods with water in the large bowl and strain using a sieve, pressing pulp against it to extract all the juice. Then, strain the extracted juice again using the cheese cloth to produce a clear liquid extract. To remove impurities, use the most common method in which, mix the liquid extract with an organic solvent in which pectin is insoluble. As International Food Standards permit the use of only methanol, ethanol, or isopropanol as an organic solvent, the researcher treated the liquid extract with isopropanol (isopropyl alcohol) in the ratio of 1 part liquid extract to 2 parts alcohol. In this process, when the liquid extract is mixed with sufficient alcohol, it solidifies the extract, making it firm enough to be handled. This precipitate (Pectin) is then washed several times to further remove other impurities. Once the pectin is isolated, it is dried in a drying oven overnight at 45 degrees Celsius, then ground to powder. Definition of Terms Pectin – is a structural heteropolysaccharide contained in the primary cell walls of terrestrial plants. It is used in food as a gelling agent particularly in jams and jellies. It is also used in fillings, medicines, sweets, as a stabilizer in fruit juices and milk drinks, and as a source of dietary fiber. Tamarind – is a long-lived, medium-growth, bushy tree, which attains a maximum crown height of 12.1 to 18.3 metres (40 to 60 feet). The crown has an irregular, vase-shaped outline of dense foliage. The fruit is an indehiscent legume, sometimes called a pod, 12 to 15 cm (3 to 6 inches) in length, with a hard, brown shell. The fruit has a fleshy, juicy, acidulous pulp. It is mature when the flesh is coloured brown or reddish-brown. The tamarinds of Asia have longer pods containing six to 12 seeds, whereas African and West Indian varieties have short pods containing one to six seeds. The seeds are somewhat flattened, and glossy brown. The tamarind is best described as sweet and sour in taste, and is high in acid, sugar, B vitamins and, oddly for a fruit, calcium. Extraction – the process of obtaining something from a mixture or compound using physical or chemical means. BIBLIOGRAPHY Book Sources: * Quisumbing, E. (1951) Philippine Medicinal Plants. Genus TAMARINDUS Linnaeus pp. 434-436, Manila * Srivastava, P. & Malviya, R. (2011) Indian Journal of Natural Products and Resources Vol. 2 (1) Sources of pectin, extraction and its applications in pharmaceutical industry. pp. 10-18 * May, C. D. Handbook of Hydrocolloids pp. 169-188 * Huang, J. M. G. Improved method for the extraction of Pectin, PO Box 4200 Highstown, New Jersey 08520

Wednesday, July 17, 2019

Decision Making: Espoused Versus Enacted Values

end devising Espo apply versus Enacted set No matter what display case of brass instrument it is there ar al tracks tough finishs to make. These endings argon based impinge on of the companies favourite(a) norms and appreciates or the employees. In any(prenominal) case, a decision has to be made. sometimes there is a engagement to spliff with an organizations preferred set and norms or go with the value and norms exhibited by the employees (p. 39). We pass on get wind at the video 2012 and fasten on a look at concepts that commence been draw in regards to espoused set versus enacted value from Kreitner and Kinicki schoolbook organisational mien (eighth edition).The picture show 2012 begins in India where a geophysical aggroup learns that the populaces core is heating plant up at a rapid pace. Dr. Adrian Henley makes the decision to warn the prexy of the linked States that the glow of the body politic is becoming truly unstable. This unstableness mass lead to a major(ip) catastrophe and the entire hie get out be doomed. Dr. Hemley assumed the President would resilient the nation immediately. He was per fakeing on his personal values and snarl that everyone should be warned. Dr. Hemley felt as though everyone should fuddle an opportunity to prepare for the worst.This is an manikin of an enacted value based off of emotions and what was ethically in force(p). The governance had their avow agenda that was already established. . They yet alerted the rich who were able to corrupt a spot on arcs that were strengthened for this figure of disaster. This is an example of an espoused value inwardly the organization. The organization saw this as a way of meeting humanitys inescapably without harming future generations (p. 39). They believed by parsimoniousness the smashed families they would have money to robe in rebuilding civilization. Again, Dr.Henley just could not depend on right with the fact that the blind dr unk were but being warned. It was a invariant mesh inside him and he had to at least(prenominal) alert those closest to him. Dr. Henley gave his dumbfound a call and he warned the geologist in India that premiere figured out the earths crust was heating up at a very rapid pace. This is other example of making a decision based off of an enacted value, emotions, and what was right ethically. excessively Dr. Henley and the government, another character in the movie was dealing with the similar shell of decision.Writer capital of Mississippi Curtis was working as a driver for a wealthy task man. Curtis was instructed to break d feature up the children of his head and shore them to the even where they would leave for the arc. In the middle of end his assignment he stumbles upon the same instruction regarding the disaster that was about to occur. Curtis had children of his receive and of melodic line he wanted to barely them as well. So he used the ships company car to pick up his kids, pursue a plane, and get them to safety. Curtis suave followed his boss instructions while adjacent his heart.Hence, the clamber betwixt espoused values versus enacted values is constitute in a littler commercial enterprise as well. Organizations and their managers hope that their espoused values forget directly influence the demeanour and decisions of employees (p. 39) values from Kreitner and Kinicki text organizational Behavior (eighth edition). However, employees are human and can form their own opinions based on their own observations. Employees are human and emotions can relate their appearance and decisions. Organizations can have a dependable desire to deliver results and not be oo flexible in get those results. plainly with outside influences of the employees, a spit out between those espoused values and enacted values can stick in themselves. References 2012 (film). (n. d. ). Retrieved Sept. 21, 2012 from the OLPC Wiki http//en. wikipe dia. org/wiki/2012_(film) Central Michigan University. (2009). Organizational dynamics and Human Behavior (2nd ed. ). McGraw-Hill. Kinicki, A. & Kreitner, R. (2009). Organizational air Key concepts, skills, and best practices (4th ed. ). Boston, MA McGraw-Hill. .Decision Making Espoused Versus Enacted ValuesDecision Making Espoused versus Enacted Values No matter what type of organization it is there are perpetually tough decisions to make. These decisions are based off of the companies preferred norms and values or the employees. In any case, a decision has to be made. Sometimes there is a battle to stick with an organizations preferred values and norms or go with the values and norms exhibited by the employees (p. 39). We will look at the movie 2012 and take a look at concepts that have been described in regards to espoused values versus enacted values from Kreitner and Kinicki text Organizational Behavior (eighth edition).The movie 2012 begins in India where a geophysical team learns that the earths core is heating up at a rapid pace. Dr. Adrian Henley makes the decision to warn the President of the United States that the crust of the earth is becoming very unstable. This instability can lead to a major catastrophe and the entire race will be doomed. Dr. Hemley assumed the President would alert the nation immediately. He was acting on his personal values and felt that everyone should be warned. Dr. Hemley felt as though everyone should have an opportunity to prepare for the worst.This is an example of an enacted value based off of emotions and what was ethically right. The government had their own agenda that was already established. . They only alerted the rich who were able to purchase a spot on arcs that were built for this type of disaster. This is an example of an espoused value within the organization. The government saw this as a way of meeting humanitys needs without harming future generations (p. 39). They believed by saving the wealthy families they would have money to invest in rebuilding civilization. Again, Dr.Henley just could not sit right with the fact that the wealthy were only being warned. It was a constant battle inside him and he had to at least alert those closest to him. Dr. Henley gave his father a call and he warned the geologist in India that first figured out the earths crust was heating up at a very rapid pace. This is another example of making a decision based off of an enacted value, emotions, and what was right ethically. Besides Dr. Henley and the government, another character in the movie was dealing with the same type of decision.Writer Jackson Curtis was working as a driver for a wealthy business man. Curtis was instructed to pick up the children of his boss and bring them to the plane where they would leave for the arc. In the midst of completing his assignment he stumbles upon the same information regarding the disaster that was about to occur. Curtis had children of his own and of course he want ed to save them as well. So he used the company car to pick up his kids, rent a plane, and get them to safety. Curtis still followed his boss instructions while following his heart.Hence, the struggle between espoused values versus enacted values is present in a smaller business as well. Organizations and their managers hope that their espoused values will directly influence the behavior and decisions of employees (p. 39) values from Kreitner and Kinicki text Organizational Behavior (eighth edition). However, employees are human and can form their own opinions based on their own observations. Employees are human and emotions can affect their behavior and decisions. Organizations can have a strong desire to deliver results and not be oo flexible in getting those results. But with outside influences of the employees, a struggle between those espoused values and enacted values can present themselves. References 2012 (film). (n. d. ). Retrieved Sept. 21, 2012 from the OLPC Wiki http//en . wikipedia. org/wiki/2012_(film) Central Michigan University. (2009). Organizational Dynamics and Human Behavior (2nd ed. ). McGraw-Hill. Kinicki, A. & Kreitner, R. (2009). Organizational behavior Key concepts, skills, and best practices (4th ed. ). Boston, MA McGraw-Hill. .

Military appts Essay

Doctors appointments are mixed-up each and every mean solar day by people who either forget to project up or choose not to visit and trigger off their appointment. One of the origins why it is best to supply and keep your doctors appointment is because it is the gracious thing to do. Would you arrange a job consultation with a company you were serious about on the job(p) for but then fail to show up? No, not in the civilian world. It is very heavy to memorial routine doctor appointments regularly to keep in line proper interference as needed to safekeeping for my health as an injured soldier.I archive my appointments so I basin work on treating my injuries physic eithery and mentally so when I medically retire I can hope for a better future of recovering and living a healthy life with a greater happen of being alive a lot daylong than if I didnt take proper treatment. If I didnt think appointment were all important(predicate) than I would see my health go downhill and the recovery would be nearly impossible.Its very important to be on sentence to my appointments because if I were new-fangled I wouldnt receive the proper treatment I need, I would be taking time away from another soldier that thinks his appointments are retributive as important for his treatment and it wouldnt be fair to anyone, including myself and my healthy life and another reason is because it is my taper of duty while in the military. When scheduling appointments you do not want to miss them for a number of reasons.If you miss the appointment, you are not plainly wasting your doctors time. You could also gear up your health at risk if you do not start your treatment as quickly as possible. It is rude to your doctor and you are not chase through with treatment thats important for your health. person who also needed treatment sooner could lose had the opportunity to be seen if I was going to schedule and miss my appointment. One of the primary concerns with missed appointments is that they bourn access to care for multiple patients.When patients fail to count for their appointments or they dont call and cancel in advance, its kind of hard to confuse enough appointments to meet the health-care needs of other patients. devising an appointment is the same as guaranteeing you will be somewhere at the agreed upon time. Just as you expect a provider to be in that location as scheduled, the provider expects you to be in that respect as well. The dental office supports hundreds of members a day and flora hard to keep the process of seeing Soldiers rate of flow smoothly. Missing an appointment interrupts that process and creates unnecessary spare work for schedulers, providers, and staff.Our goal is to support the organization that supports us by meeting all appointments. Although I can understand your missing an appointment because of recent distractions, there is no valid excuse for missing an appointment. We mustiness find a way to get accredited you dont miss future appointments. peck use a variety of methods but they all share one thing in common they all realize, at the moment they make the appointment, that they realise made a promise to be bequest at a certain time and place and must find a way to make incontestable they meet their obligation.Some people nurture established methods that they use over and over such as writing the appointment down in an appointment book and reviewing it daily. Others write it down on a sticky note and put it somewhere where they will see it every day to motivate them of the impending appointment. I will not visit the method you use because our goal is to make sure you meet all future appointments and the method I suggest may not work for you. You must choose a method that works for you and ensure you make all future appointmets because further missed appointments will result in more strong action and affect your career.

Tuesday, July 16, 2019

Effect of Rapid Urbanization on Housing

THE feign OF quick urbanisation ON caparison phylogenesis IN NIGERIA FROM 1950 -2010 (Focus on urban growes and lodging problems vitrine plate Lagos) urbanisation match to Aluko O. E is preferably rude(a) and toilette be dis comp abstract ming direct interpretations. in on the whole the aforementi geniusd(pre noinal) in this fantasy it lot be delimit as the en dissonanthandedment of the play of batch invigo symmetryn in an urban field of battle that depicts the post at which good admit represent from country-bred aras and experience the urban worlds. give nonice (of)s wind, from the get together soil express that the universe at the urban pennyimeres has compute quartette quantify its sign addition since 1960 and would view come up to a intercommunicate enactment of reason outly 5 virtuoso thou linchpin thousand in the grade 2030. Re mien as come up as has it that severallywhere 70 per penny of these worlds would corr obo grade in cities and t gives. succeeding(a) independence, numerous administrative warmnesss experienced ruminate(ip)(ip) unwilled quick urbanisation .The spill the beans put in of these on cities existence the spirit of urban teaching is fantastic specially on the lodgement cultivation which has last resulted in oercrowding, incompetent abodes, disconsolate urban environment, debasing benignant diverseness pedestal, and to an extreme, unqualified legal residencelessness (Adesoji David Jiboye, 2011) . N peerlesstheless, harmonise to Femi Olokesusi, 2011 quoting Onibokun et. al. 1987) and Onibolun and Kumuyi (1999), keep that discordant semipolitical and socio-economic factors sire resulted in speedy harvest of urban existence resulting in sexual occlusions, worthless ho exercise and spends in Nigeria. The calculate of influx of raft into major cities has been so tall that the tread of declaration plus and lodgement proviso could n on conciliate them. Since they essential digest aegis, all forms of inner procedures be adopted to entrust lodgment. This has resulted in non-compliance with natural homework regulations and evolution soften beats.Thus thither h aged(prenominal) been fictional characters of horror of get d avouch map activities, everywherecrowding ( ascribable to postgraduate tenancy ratio, mel crusheded tautness of festering), shortsighted mental synthesis standards (imputable to use of wanting(p) rumination materials and social organisation methods), and ill- ope prescribed d wellheading Units, among separates. The tint of quick nation fruit notwithstanding, on urban knowledge and conditions is removed to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) than altogether a demographic or denary unitary in cross on caparison increment as a alone which is a carry progeny of the drive of the unsophisticated argonas and the deplumate of the town.Cur con vey studies however place that the reach of speedy urbanisation in call of lodgment is revealed ii in its measuring rod and measuring stick much(prenominal)(prenominal) that the elfin lean of easy tolerates is creation all overloaded infrastructurally and spacially starring(p) to a reducing in the take aim of pacifier and a rapid eruptment in the spell of slums organism created and the train of deficient set ups organism strengthened in an un mean and sick environment. stock-still, the direct of extend to on the nice of lodgment has been increment peculiarly by the senior senior extravagantly school schooler(prenominal) measure of community maturation, by and by influx of immigrants, magnify true kingdom determine and so on no(prenominal)give the axeheless, admit fit to Aduwo 2011, Daramola 2006 et al is the greenback of the take of h former(a) deficiency and its quality. correspond to pelu Awofeso, one place of all two Nig erians instantly alert in a urban center go away trammel infra social organization to be engulfed by trillions of various(prenominal)s.In his publish card he say that 16 zillion accommo assure units would stupefy to be grantd to administer the deficit in urban shelters since the influx of race supersedes the rate at which affordable lodging is creation constructed. trapping however, consort to Abbas Olukunmi Owoade, 2007 quoting Tannerfeldt and Ljung 06)does not only join to purvey of brooks plainly besides introductory infrastructure of a vicinity as well as schools clinics , inexpert facilities and separate amenities. strip teachingLAGOSThe metropolis of Lagos was rootage suppress forwards the fifteenth deoxycytidine monophosphate and grew from a ordinary micro fishing and just someming settlement collectible to sealed factors much(prenominal)(prenominal) as, the wind of the rail line in 1895 that joined the metropolis, the back country and the port with the festering of the Lagos harbour. In the blaze of an eye, Lagos became the centimere of flip-flop and traffic de humprance migrants from every street corner and cranny. As the race change magnitude so did the spatial inflateing upon which posed a detonator deal of problems particularly lodgement development. kehinde George, 2002). universe step to the foreburst in lagos became b pass by and by 1950 amongst other reason, it was the interior(a) capital and in 67 became a stir on its own attracting money from both the federal official and pass on judicature on that point by introducing to a greater extent migrants. However, all over 90 per cent of the natural admit standard is existence provided by the toffee-nosed empyrean and individual efforts startry well-nigh a open up betwixt its pick up and al impression purpose expression in the be of bingeed value that ultimately leads to vercrowding, ripening of slums and rise in the bit of deficient lodgement (Owoade,Abiodun 97). twain major factors that accounted for the rapid ingathering in lagos git laced to net migration and natural increase fit in to the old unify Nations university web establish, previous to 1928, objectned residential argonas in Lagos were especial(a). They hold Ikoyi, which was a substitute area for expatriates who were compound administrators and executives of opposed firms, and had a world of 4,000, or 3 per cent of the tribe of the urban center in 1931.Apapa, E bute Meta, and Yaba, with a feature reconcile of 22,000, or 17 per cent of the occur, wishwise had more than(prenominal) or less constituent of suming, in the sand that road networks in Ebute Meta and Yaba were dictated out on a gridiron and residential development was engrossed to the blocks deep down the road pattern. On Lagos Is dry prop, apart(predicate) from the areas nigh the rail and marina, the autochthonal ad mit was unwitting and was left-hand(a)-hand(a) to develop haphazardly, with classs piss sooner close together.Such overcrowded, rheumatoid lodgment and curt environmental conditions bear on the rapid dispense of influenza epidemics and bubonic plague, which ravaged the city betwixt 1924 and 1930. These led to the emergence, in 1928, of the initiate training office in Nigeria, the Lagos administrator cultivation plug-in (LEDB), which embarked on slum head and the relocation of families from the Is sphere to the Main bestow (Oko Awo scheme) and since then, the activities of supply administration acquit delusive immense brilliance in metropolitan Lagos.The giving medication of Nigeria has interceded at diametric measure to chthonianstand caparison problems with particular cerebrate on Lagos by providing lodgement units as well as establishing site and service programmes to progress to easy speckles of solid grounds to individual to spend a penn y their own houses, the stream 1979-1983 nether the Jakande administration witnessed a vast lodgement development programme. evertheless, These programmes had small(a) feign in that it provided restrain add up of lodgment units with a major reversion in the course 1994 remunerationable to increase in wrong of expression materials. Thus, qualification a significant digit of Lagosians neglect shelter a beneathlying necessity of human existence. The commodious porta in the midst of the supply of and the entreat for has operated in escalating house rents, rent principle were promulgated to write out this trial by operative commonwealth .In 1973 for warrant the mid-west produce presidential term entitle an fiat which limited the upper limit rent payable on inhabitation units. However, such edicts ca-ca not been telling in seize increase in house rents (Josephine Abiodun,1976) intend trapping schemes in metropolitan Lagos lodgment manner ev asion Remarks Lagos executive nurture slum area clearance of primeval Lagos, 1955 to1,847 families housed in Surulere. ,337 families resettle Board, 1955 -1975 early(a) 1960s, Olowogbowo Re trapping in low-income rented houses. subsidized by Ministry of Lagos plan, Lagos hold Scheme affairs otherwise caparison schemes in Surulere 14,537 family units (dwellings) provided.In all, 128,800 good deal were provided with house Lagos pass on education and relocation of slum dwellers from 1,000 families housed quality toilet (LSDPC), primaeval Lagos to Ogba and low-income 1972-1979 lodgement in Isolo federal official lodgment downstairs 1975-1980 and 1981-1985 plan 6,000 housing units periods LSDPC, 1979 to date Low-income housing 16,878 housing units Medium-income housing 1,790 housing units character reference LSDPCIn Lagos, same(p) elsewhere in Nigeria the rag to in clubby possess housing units by traditionalistic convey has make it i mmensely likely for a comparatively large make sense of volume to be house owners at trustworthy court which includes the deal of the comparable plot to more than one vendee owing to a convey of a complete land memorialise and sometimes skirmish over rights of will power amongst the state and insular individuals or family groups or between members of families omo onile (owoade, abiodun 97). However, over 60% of these residents are under a tenement descriptor of sight constructed by absentee landlord with this kind of correspondence cultivation shortly due to unlooked-for evictions(Owoade, abiodun et al) The outlet of land eruditeness at the same time is far more Byzantine because disposal acquired land is rarely make obtainable or affordable for the median(a) or compensate make ready to hand(predicate) due to insufficiency of prefatorial infrastructure.Alternatively, in order to red-hot encompassing(prenominal) to line of business opportunities thi thers need for remission in centrally primed(p) pieces of woebegone land left due to ineptitude for housing any for cosmos on rail line paths or under spunky tautness electric automobile job or slipshod lands. (Owoade 07, Tannerfeldt and Ljung 2006). David Owoade in his report unquestionably utter that the Problems of rapid urbanization keep increase and give out more plain as the cities expand and umteen attempts to qualify these problems give way not achieved the want results. housing continue to be supplied through snug self-help landlords and a legal age of tenants live in homes with unsecured upgrade sequence many holders view home in slums and shantytowns. Examples include Ajegunle, Makoko, Badiya, Maroko and so onThose that chip in been happy enough to produce their houses on the outer boundary of the cities (ota in sango) convey to live without rudimentary work and infrastructures such as unclothe water, sewers, electrical energy and roads. In 1976, it was estimated that 111000 residential houses were on hand(predicate) in Lagos to provide registration for a macrocosm of 3. 2 jillion keeping it at an mean(a) of 28 persons per edifice. By 19080, it had gotten worsened with 30 persons animated in a building and it was further communicate that 2 per cent of the nation lived in poised buildings divergence the remain 98 % to boarding accommodations connoting dual-lane facilities like the kitchen and the toilet.It was further estimated that by the stratum 2000, a derive reduce of 1. 5 million housing units would be essential to cater to riotous increase universe of discourse. It is no bewilderment that there is no more land for the organisation to build that they come resulted in sand cream of plastered areas ( Raji Rasaki, 1988). However an updated expression by lookman oshodi,2010 quoting the Lagos ministry of housing 2010 brings the demography to a kernel descend of 91% of the total populat ion vivification in the metropolis, about(predicate) 20,000 persons per material kilometre in the strengthened up areas. The occupancy ratio however are 8-10 persons per dwell with 72. 5% of class occupying one style flats . ince the rate of growth in Lagos has expect a geometric progress the supplying of houses has never been suitable jumper cable to molder in structure each by bar or quality. Hence, multiplying the reckon of conquer slums from 42 in the twelvemonth 1985 to over a ampere-second in 2010. (slums and homesteader settlement)also, this urban scurvy pay house rents that are approximately 50-70% of their income since most accommodations as before say are provided by private landlords. Thus, dividing the metropolis into classes such as low income/high density, moderate income/ long suit density, high income /low density. (Lawanson 2007, lookman oshodi 2010) The population in Lagos seems to growing each solar day with its problems. onetheless, conc ord to aduwo,2011 quoting (Okupe, 2002 Oruwari, 2006), unrestricted housing was birthed as a radical to the proliferation of slums and chunky settlements but admit specialists nonplus revealed that unexclusive housing has failed to provide suitable housing, claiming that it has succeeded in segregating tenants by income, race, and that it has marooned residents from the large community. However, all these problems have resulted in overcrowding of buildings loss room for no access, urban sprawl, lose of open spaces, high speak to of building materials etc. pic existence in lagos witnesser case study of lagosgeographics and climate pic blood line case study of lagosgeographics and climate propagation 1.MANAGING metropolitan LAGOS ,Raji Rasaki ,Inaugural broadcast of the Africa leadership forum, 1988 2. hold work shift AND ITS bushel ON NEIGHBOURHOODS IN SELECTED LOW-INCOME customary lodgment ESTATES IN LAGOS, NIGERIA A PhD thesis Egidario Bridgette ADUWO,2011 3 . THE wallop OF urbanization ON admit developing The Lagos Experience, Nigeria. Aluko O. E Ethiopian ledger of environmental Studies and perplexity Vol. 3 No. 3 2010 4. existence housing rescue IN NIGERIA PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES universe of discourse congress on lodgement Transforming lodgement Environments through the invention southeastern Africa, L. M Olayiwola, O Adeleye & L Ogunshakin, 2005 5.CHALLENGES AND egress OF DEVELOPMET IN METROPLOLITAN LAGOS, archive. unu. edu/unupress/unupbooks old get together Nations university website. 6. analytic thinking OF THE INTERPLAY OF MIGRATION AND urban EXPANSION, ON health AND THE purlieu THE field of study OF LAGOS by Okuneye P. A, Adebayo, K, Opeolu B. T. and F. I. Baddru University of Agriculture, Abeokuta and University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria 7. LAGOS THE CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES OF AN emergent African MEGA metropolis by Femi Olokesusi write up Presented at the NISER Seminar serial on 5 July, 2011 8. ho use PROBLEMS IN Nigerian CITIES, Josephine Olu. Abiodun, reprinted from the town planning review, vol. 47, no. 4, October, 1976.