Kola Nuts

Kola-Nut: The Symbol of Hospitality (title) †¢It is a bitter brown seed containing caffeine †¢In the past, has been added to drinks to diminish hunger and fatigue †¢The offering of a Kola-Nut is very important in the igbo culture and is only offered to very important guests †¢This offering of the Kola-Nut has three steps that must be followed. The first step is the presentation of the kola-nuts.The next is the breaking of the kola-nut and the third is the distribution of the kola-nuts †¢Presentation of the kola-nut can only be done by privileged men †¢Kola-nut is passed around until it finally comes back to the guest †¢Elder will then hold up kola-nut and say a prayer †¢Then kola-nuts are eaten Onyemaechi, Uzoma. â€Å"Igbo Culture and Socialization. † Igbo Culture. University of Michigan, 26 May 2012. Web. 29 Oct. 2012. . Widjaja, Michael. â€Å"Kola Nut. † Igbo Culture and Igbo Language. N. p. , 4 Nov. 2011. Web. 29 Oct. 2012. . â€Å"Kola Nut. † Energy. N. p. , 16 July 2011. Web. 29 Oct. 2012. . Igbo Foods * The Yam is a staple food for Igbo people and civilization * Yam was always abundant, helpful during lean times * The Iwaji or New Yam festival each year celebrates importance of vegetable in Igbo culture.Prayers offered up and thanks given to the gods and spirits of traditional folklore. * Yam made in many ways * Can be pealed and boiled or pulped into a doughy consistency to produce pounded yam * Also ate a lot of pumpkins and gari (cassava powder) dumplings * Regular Meals * Typically soup with meat or fish * Sided with yams, garri (tapioca), semovita, or jollof rice Hafner, Dorinda. A Taste of Africa . Berkeley, CA: Ten Speed Press, 1993. Imoisi, Janice. Cooking Nigerian Style: Delicious African Recipes .Houston, TX: Gayle Publishing. , 2000. Widjaja, Michael. â€Å"Food and Recipes. † Igbo Food and Recipes. Michael Widjaja, 2000. Web. 29 Oct. 2012. . Agwu, Kene. â€Å"Yam and the Ig bos. † BBC News. BBC, 8 Jan. 2008. Web. 30 Oct. 2012. . â€Å"ANAM CITY Blog. † Yam Preservation A «. N. p. , n. d. Web. 30 Oct. 2012. .

The Day the Cowboys Quit

Ashley Tran 9:00 AM History 1301 Lori Lehtola John Brown John Brown was an abolitionist who had a big hatred over slavery. His feelings of hate were so strong over slavery that it led him to seize the United States arsenal at Harper’s Ferry. John began a huge massacre along the Pottawatomie Creek along the Kansas territory. It all began on the month October and the year of 1859. Brown had a psychotic way of thinking and doing things. John’s great plan was to arm slaves for a future rebellion.He was an anti-slavery man and tried to do everything in his power to keep slavery from happening in Kansas, but he was also a murderer. I believe that he told people he was anti-slavery, which he was, but had a feeling inside him that liked taking other people’s lives. The three authors who contributed to the article about John Brown were W. E. B. Du Bois, Robert Penn Warren, and David S. Reynolds. Their respected backgrounds impacted their views of Brown and his actions. W. E. B. Du Bois’s background was greatly respected by Brown’s article. W. E. B. elieved that because of John Brown’s actions over slavery, it gave everyone his or her right to freedom. According to Du Bois, all men are equal and are no less than one another. Du Bois stated that â€Å"slavery is wrong† so we must â€Å"kill it†. His opinion is respected by John’s actions because he views it in a way in which that what John Brown did was right. He earned us our freedom. If it weren’t for what Brown did, we wouldn’t have our freedom. W. E. B. was one of the most influential African American intellectuals of the 20th century. He played a founding role in the NAACP, which was a path breaking civilization.Because of how Du Bois viewed John Brown’s actions and how he strongly believed that what he did about slavery was right would be an impact on why he got involved with the National Association for the Advancement of Colored Pe ople. Robert Penn Warren believes that even though John Brown had such an enormous religious faith, God was not on neither sides of John Brown nor the South. What Brown did was abnormal and not Godly, according to Warren. Robert’s background has impacted his view on John Brown in a way that he believed Brown was responsible for his criminal- like actions.He believes that what Brown did to the proslavery was not based on God. Meaning, it wasn’t a God based decision, it was more of a Godly excuse he used towards his criminal actions. Robert mainly focused on themes of Southern culture and history. His personal understanding of John Brown’s actions has greatly impacted his history about the south and his knowledge about its history of culture. David S. Reynolds wonders how John Brown could spare murder with such a religious faith. David stated that Brown â€Å"used violence in order to create a society devoid of slavery and racism. He believed that John Brown didn ’t just do it for slavery, but did it because his goal was a democratic society; race, religion, and gender didn’t even matter. David has his particular opinion about Brown’s actions because he thought that what Brown did to these proslavery people wasn’t for the reason he said for doing so. Reynold’s background has impacted his view on John Brown and his actions because he can inform others about his opinion on Brown’s actions. His opinion †reflects a twenty-first century on Brown informed by the September 11, 2001, terrorists attacks on the United States. Basically, he thought of John as more of a terrorist than a hero of slavery. W. E. B. Du Bois, Robert Penn Warren, and David S. Reynold’s were all impacted in different ways by John Brown’s actions. Their own particular opinions were based on how they viewed John Brown’s actions. John’s huge massacre at Pottawatomie Creek was his psychotic way of handling things. He was a murderer of proslavery and his excuse was God. These three authors who contributed to John Brown’s article were interested in African American society or Southern history. Their view on John Brown’s history has impacted their own.

Unilever Product Life Cycle

Introduction †¢William Hesketh Lever founded lever Brothers in 1885. †¢In the beginning as soap manufacturer but later diversified in to food and personal care products. †¢Unilever's corporate centers are London and Rotterdam. Walls’ Introduction †¢Walls introduced in Pakistan in 1997-98. The product line consists from lollies to ice creams. This includes Cornetto, Callipo, Max, Kulfis, Top Ten Choc Bars, Feast, Milky Way and etc. †¢Unilever committed its own resources to acquire ‘Polka' and consolidate the ice cream market for Lever Brothers Pakistan. Low gearing and reputation as a multinational blue chip give Lever ready access to capital at good terms to fund growth †¢Magnum! huuuuuuuuuuuuu †¢Magnum was introduced in 15th of June,2001 †¢Effective weights of mass audience advertising publicly displayed in the summer landscape, would strengthen consumer attachment to the brand and develop strong associations with the summer season †¢The first premium-quality ice cream to enter the adult impulse market.. ;l †¢Product Life Cycle If one looks at a category, the product life cycle seems to be an important determinant for all sorts of decisions †¢Generally a product should be kept in the growth stage as long as possible. †¢Magnum’s Life cycle †¢Magnum is in the growth stage. Due to the amount of awareness in the market, and the sales figures crossing targets, the product can be seen in the growth stage. On the PLC, market growth is also associated with increase in sales. This leads to the market becoming more attractive. Cycle-Recycle Pattern †¢The Cycle –Recycle Pattern is adopted because of seasonality of the sale. In Eid,Happy New year, Valentines day,Christmas and other seasonal events the sales follow pleasant upward trend due to the new flavors and varieties introduced by the firm. †¢Total Quality Management †¢Its all about ever barricading eminence i. e ever improving quality. †¢The quality of the product should be increase with the passage of time to keep customers as well induce new customers. Magnum’s TQM Introduction of new Magnum’s Cup will certainly improve the quality because of inclusion of â€Å"choco-topings†. The new Cup will increase the value to the customer because of its â€Å"take away† facility. pricing? † †¢Magnum’s TQM Again †¢Since Magnum is a premium choc bar and people are paying the premium to get this premium choc bar ,the TQM does have a great vitality in th is context. †¢Magnum is thought as a superb quality choc bar that’s why people wouldn’t compromise on the quality . †¢They know â€Å"they are paying for the best† †¢Forecasting and Demand Management †¢The ice cream market is particularly influenced by the weather and Wall uses a weather index to gauge conditions for sales †¢Also during peak seasons like Eids, Happy New Year and Independence Day demand is high and rices are lowered so as to compete with the other rivals prevailing in the industry . Magnum’s sales forecast †¢In terms of Magnum, this seasonality is relatively low. This is because Magnum is an impulse buying item . †¢In examining the seasonality one must consider the target market of Magnum. Will these people refrain from having a magnum in cold weather? †¢The variation in sales will not be as high or drastic as other ice creams or categories. †¢Positive Aspects for Sales †¢Pakistan’s population growth rate is almost 2% per annum. †¢Urbanization trend on the boom i. people are inducing towards higher life standards of living in cities. †¢Growth in GDP/capita reflects in the consumption pattern of the people. †¢Improved level of law and order conditions results in more FDI’s hence an attractive market. Product and Product Mix †¢A product is anything that can be offered to a market to satisfy a need and and want of the customer. †¢Product includes different product levels which are, †¢Core benefit: The fundamental service or benefit that the customer is really buying †¢Basic product: the marketer has to turn the core benefit into basic product. Levels of Product †¢Expected product: A set of attributes and conditions buyers normally expect when they purchase the product. †¢Augmented product: Augmented product means things beyond the expectation. †¢Potential product: which encompasses all the possible augmentation and transformation Magnum’ Levels †¢The core benefit of the Magnum are satisfaction and the indulgence †¢The basic product is the premium Choc Bar †¢Expectations are related with the Magnum is that it would provide that quality others can not. †¢Potential product,introduction of Magnum in new jar. Product mix †¢Product mix is the set of products the company is offering to the customer. †¢Product mix includes, width, length, depth and consistency. †¢Magnum’s Product Mix †¢Unilever is the parent company and it operates in many businesses like tea, soaps, shampoos etc. this includes in width †¢Length includes different products of the walls like Magnum, Feast ,Cornetto etc. †¢Depth includes variants of the similar product like Magnum, Feast, Sunday all are chocolate related items. †¢Unilever product lines are consistent because most of them are consumer goods. SBU Strategies †¢Almost every business unit of Unilever including Walls holds a lion’ share in their respective markets. †¢For Magnum. hold strategy is appropriate and its holding by the firm. Corporate and division Strategic planning †¢Mission Statement †¢The Mission Statement underlines the dedication to the satisfaction of the everyday needs of the customers. †¢Quality is priority in all senses. †¢We are the part of the society in which we operate. †¢Our Vision is â€Å"Touching hearts changing life† Boston Consulting Growth Matrix †¢Star †¢Question Mark †¢Cash Cow Dog Internal Environment Analysis †¢Strengths †¢- Brand Image †¢- †¢Brand recall is high †¢- †¢Qual ity is one of the best in the market †¢Weaknesses †¢Multiple Brands therefore lack of focus †¢Unhealthy competition in the corporate culture External Environment Analysis Opportunities: – Westernization of Pakistani Society – No DIRECT competition except Quanta Relatively good growth of market †¢Threats: †¢- Threat of bigger competition in the next two years †¢- Instability of Pakistani Political system Marketing Alliances Promotional Alliances The strategic alliance by the Walls with leading fast food corners like KFC and Pizza Hut outlets was an attempt to promote their product. †¢ Marketing Channel †¢These channels are essential to move product from the manufacturer’s warehouse to the consumer’s house. †¢Firms have options to decide levels of channels I. e how many channels does it want to include in the distribution of its product. †¢Walls’ Channels †¢Walls’ uses multi level channel marketing. †¢Walls uses backward integration. †¢Walls’ sales men whirl in the streets of the city on their lorries ,I. e direct marketing. Walls’ own supplier make its product available to consumers. †¢Pull and Push Strategies †¢The painstaking music produce by the whirling lorries of WALLS let its voice count ,pulling the kids to pull their parents. †¢The usage of billboards and print media is a device to push up the target customer. †¢Promotion al Tools †¢In Pakistan, Ice-Cream industry competition may be healthy but there are very few brands to name. †¢Companies have to fight for their market share and use various strategies from price to promotional, which could make them leader in the market. †¢Firms try to compete on the basis of quality, uniqueness and brand name Magnum’s Promotion †¢The most commonly used are the major media that includes billboards and posters in the display media †¢The retailers were provided with free refrigerators by the Walls to motivate them †¢Since the logo of Walls was endorsed on these refrigerators,the brand was promoted as well. †¢Pricing †¢ Historically, for most products price has been the major factor affecting the buyer choice †¢Ice cream companies’ pricing decisions are influenced by both internal as well as external factors. †¢Pricing †¢Internal Factors †¢Survival †¢Company’s objectives †¢Marke t Profit Maximization Market Leadership †¢Product Quality †¢External Factors †¢Economic Factors †¢Governmental rules and regulations. †¢Social concerns. †¢Resellers. †¢Pricing Strategies †¢The management of the Magnum uses â€Å"Price Premium Strategy†. †¢The notion of â€Å"Self Indulgence†transferred the brand advertising doctrine to brand experience I. e â€Å"have a bite please†. †¢Price doesn’t matter to target consumer of Magnum. †¢What's wrong with the Price! †¢Its is said that â€Å"Magnum is too expensive† †¢It is thoughts as a reason of minimal sales. †¢There are relatively inexpensive choc bar exists. †¢Price is not the problem! The Magnum is targeted to the people of elite class ,higher in the socio-economic ranks. †¢The target set for Magnum’s sales have achieved up to maximum extent. †¢Lowering the price will usurp its supremacy and satisfactio n level may decline because of this move. †¢Marketing Management Philosophies †¢The philosophies speak about the different strategic behavior adopted by the firm to sell their product. †¢The philosophies are adopted in the foremost interests of consumers. †¢Magnum’s Marketing Philosophies †¢Product concept , better the quality and the product attributes the better will be the sales. Selling Concept,pushing and pulling consumers time and again , inducing them to buy Magnum, otherwise it will be left †¢un noticed. †¢Marketing Concept,better than that of competitors in satisfying customers’ needs the better will be you share in the market. Magnum’s Marketing Philosophies Customer concept,provide customer what he wants at the price you want The customers decide what we serve to them. Societal Marketing,Walls started a campaign to keep the environment clean in the northern areas to preserve them †¢Brand Decision †¢Creation ,maintenance ,protection and enhancement of a brand is an art. Brand is a symbol,name,term,design or a system or amalgamation of them. †¢It’s a marketing tool and tactic. †¢A promise by seller to deliver specific set of features and values to the buyer †¢Brand Equity †¢High brand awareness of Magnum as a member of Walls’ family. †¢Magnum possess high degree of brand preference. †¢Customer is satisfied with the brand and devoted to it . †¢Customer doesn’t want to change the brand over price issue. Brand Building Tools The campaign inaugurated by the Walls to â€Å"Save the environment† added privileged to the Walls as well its family. Wall’s â€Å"Heart Branding† captures the enthusiasm of the young and the young-at-heart, laying claim to 72% of the frozen desserts market share in Pakistan. Analyzing Competitors †¢By knowing our Competitors we may be able to predict their next moves, exploit their weaknesses and undermine their strengths †¢Who are your competitors? †¢What customer needs and preferences are you competing to meet? †¢What are the similarities and differences between their products/services and yours? Magnum’s Competitors †¢Competitors for walls in general are many; in fact they include all the ice cream providers. For Magnum we would like to define our competition strictly in terms of the target market. In this definition we would consider the product category level. Major Competitors †¢In this list we consider Igloo Quanta to be our main competitor due to similar attributes of the product and a very similar target market. †¢For the purpose of a nalysis we will group the competitors into two. First we would discuss our main competitor i. e. Igloo Quanta and then the rest in one group Who Is The Competitor †¢Igloo Quanta †¢Moven Pick Ice cream †¢Snoopy Ice cream parlor †¢Gelato Affairs Ice cream parlor †¢Igloo Dip Shop Imported Ice creams like Hagen Dazz, Dove, and Galaxy available at places like Aghas Stake Holders †¢At Unilever we are dedicated to meeting the everyday needs of people everywhere. †¢We participate in the well being of the society ,we live and work †¢Touching hearts by changing lives RESOURCES †¢Unilever committed its own resources to acquire ‘Polka' and consolidate the ice cream market for Lever Brothers Pakistan †¢Low gearing and reputation as a multinational blue chip give Lever ready access to capital at good terms to fund growth. †¢In the local ice cream market not many have the capability to invest in completely new technologies. Financial ass ets of more than RS. 7 BILLION. Human Resources †¢People are the driving force for success. †¢HR initiatives focused on encouraging empowerment and transparency in the organization. †¢E-town project brought the Chairman and top team to everyone’s desktops via live streaming video and allowed employees to address their concerns to the panel via a chat server. Resources †¢Me and U,an interactive HR portal that brings employee information to to everyone’s desktop. †¢Child Day Care center allowing employees to have their infants in close proximity under very best care Resources †¢Distinctive Capabilities advantage. †¢Walls has a weather index that helps in describing peak seasons for selling ice creams. †¢Sharp market sensing. †¢Intimate linking with the customers. †¢Strong channel bonding. Organization and it’s Culture †¢Uni Lever ,a visionary organization. †¢Highly professional Organization with the highly professional people. †¢The society is the family and look after of family is my own responsibility Market Segmentation The Magnum has segmented the market on the basis of income ,social and economic class and esteem level. Nice marketing strategy has been adopted focusing on the smaller but elite segment of the society as well as of market. Psychographics Segmentation Life style The people from the A/A+ class are considered for customer ship. Personality People having high level of esteem ,standing high on the need hierarchy pyramid. Behavioral Segmentation Occasions The Magnum focuses on the occasions when somebody wants to rejoice himself by himself. â€Å"I hate somebody nobody hates me! I love somebody no body loves me† Self Indulgence is the underlining theory. Loyalty Status Hard Core Loyals. TARGET MARKET †¢Magnum focuses on the upper niche market. The upper class segment is whom we want to buy our product. †¢These are people who wouldn’t mind spending †¢Rs 25 for an ice cream; rather they would impulsively buy the product whenever they go out for a drive or something. †¢Magnum is â€Å"Just for You† †¢The concept of sharing is not embedded Target Market †¢Target market people from the ages of 18-30, upper class, possessing a very high set of self esteem people †¢People who have style and don’t mind spending more for better quality, brand value etc Market Positioning An art of designing the product of the company and it’s image to occupy a distinctive place in the mind of the target market. Positioning is not what you do to the product. Its what you do to the mind of the panorama Market Positioning †¢Marketing positioning means how the customer rate your product in comparison with your competitors. †¢The firm should offer a substantial value to its customers to sustain the positioning of its product. Magnum’s Positioning Attribute Positioning For self immoderation User Positioning Appealing to stylish people Quality and Price Positioning High price for the higher quality Magnum’s Positioning Since a Rs 25 choc bar is quite prestigious bar,so people feel good when buying the Magnum. The higher the price the higher will be the quality & the higher will be the satisfaction level. People rank it as a premium brand with priceless quality Marketing Research System †¢Walls has its own department for Marketing Research. †¢Primary Data is provided by Sales team. †¢Secondary Data is gathered from publications and other sources.

The Importance of Skara Brae Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Importance of Skara Brae - Research Paper Example The first professional excavations were concluded under the supervision of Gordon Childe, the Professor of Archeology from Glasgow University started excavating the site. The first houses were built about 3200 BC and people lived there for about six hundred years. Significantly, the village did not grow much since the time it was first built, even though about 8 generations of people passes through it. The area does not have many woods around, houses and furniture inside is made of stones, which also contributed to the village being well preserved, even though not all the houses were built or occupied at the same time. There are eight distinct houses in the settlement; each is a single-room. The floor space of each house is about 36 square meters and the walls were about three meters high. Early houses were built circular. The houses are built of the closely fitting flat stone slabs. The doorways and winding passages are low, which was preventing the winds from rushing in. There is a fire place in the central hearth. The houses are half in the ground, all huddled together and therefore insulated from the Atlantic weather, so it all made up for a very warm and cozy dwelling. The whole settlement is built inside the heap of decomposed vegetable matter, animal bones, stone and shells. There is furniture inside each house, all of which is â€Å"fitted† and made of stone. There are large stone dressers with two shelves supported on three stone legs, bedsteads, small water tanks set into the floor and rectangular seats, storage places made of stone boxes and cells in the floor and the walls. The dresser in each house is positioned in such a way that whoever would enter the house would see the display of items on the dresser. The houses are linked with each other by series of roofed tunnels, each has one entrance, most have bolt-securing hole cut in the stone to lock a stone slab door from inside. The other marvel of Skara Brae is sophisticated underground sewa ge disposal system made up of the stone built drainage channels which connected the houses to an outfall at the sea edge. The drains were made of stone and were lined up with the tree bark. This drainage system even may have included early form of toilet facilities. The roofs of the houses were supported either by driftwood or whalebone beams. Since the roofs are gone now, we can assume it was made of perishable materials. It is gone now and we can see inside. Since all houses are equipped similarly and are similar in size, and there is nothing that looks like a dwelling of a chief, it is thought that Skara Brae is a settlement of people of equal rights. It seems the village was abandoned suddenly for dweller left behind even some valuables. What was the reason we can only speculate. There are not many places in the world that has a virtually intact village that is 5,000 year old. This is Europe’s best preserved and most complete Neolithic village. It is older than Stonehenge and the Great Pyramids. In 1999 as a part of â€Å"The Heart of Neolithic Orkney† Skara Brae gained a status of UNESCO World Heritage Site. Skara Brae has particularly rich remarkably preserved remains of both furniture as well as wide range of domestic and ritual artifacts, drawings and symbols. All the remains with exceptional completeness gave us the picture of domestic, cultural and ritual practices of the

Name one of the subdisciplines of Psychology and describe it. Describe Essay

Name one of the subdisciplines of Psychology and describe it. Describe the DSM-IV. Why is Wilhelm Wundt an important figure in Psychology How does Behaviorism differ from Structuralism - Essay Example and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders which has been created and published by the APA (American Psychiatric Association and is manual that consists of information regarding to various mental disorders that are experienced by human beings (Rutherford, 2004, p.239). Wilhelm Wundt is recognized as the father of psychology and he has been regarded with such prestige because he was the creator of first laboratory for the field of psychology and separated psychology from philosophy and recognized that psychology was a separate field and had separate issues to solve through separate methods. It was his contribution that provided support to the formation of behaviorism and methods used by him to study psychology are still under operation. Behaviorism studies human behavior under the light of psychology, this means that behaviorists try to determine the reasons due to which human beings behave in a certain manner. Structuralism focuses on the fact that the aim of psychology is to interpret how environment impacts the consciousness of an individual and the changes in behavior exhibited by individuals when they come in contact with different

Facebook as a New Media Home and Distance Assignment

Facebook as a New Media Home and Distance - Assignment Example The paper posits that in the virtual space, Facebook has overcome the friction of distance. In reality, however, the medium has increased the social distance between its users. My Facebook community is significant. First, there are members of family and relatives. While a significant number of them are present on Facebook, I still prefer to communicate with them through more formal channels such as phone and email. For this category of participants, the virtual distance remains large, although socially we are close. Then there is an entire array of â€Å"friends† from elementary and high schools, classmates in college, and friends and acquaintances from church. Then, of course, there are â€Å"friends† of these â€Å"friends†. I communicate with this category of â€Å"friends† a lot via Facebook. Thus, the virtual distance between us is very short(Chen 1212). However, for close friends with whom I have had a long history, I preserve more serious talk on the phone and face-to-face conversations. For a physical house, the boundaries are quite clear. In most cases, there is a fence that demarcates the boundaries of the house. Usually, a person will not walk into the house unless they are a member or have been invited. This order ensures privacy for the inhabitants of the house. For the media house that is Facebook, the boundaries of friendships are quite blurred (Chen 1214). In fact, it appears that there is no limit to the chain of friends one can â€Å"invite† or receive invitations from. This scenario virtually erodes privacy on Facebook. Often, I receive "friend requests" from total strangers. In all cases, my reaction is to turn them down. On my part, I only â€Å"invite† people I know personally and whom I believe would be pleased to receive the invitation. There is a hierarchy of my Facebook â€Å"friends†(Chen 1213). At the top of the pyramid are family and friends. So serious am I about this category of friends that I limit my Facebook communications to greetings.  Ã‚  

The Life Cycles of Failed Projects Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Life Cycles of Failed Projects - Essay Example From this discussion it is clear that  the aforementioned article was developed by the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers. According to the article, it is rare for an IT project to experience failure all at once. To be precise, the author of the article says that failure in IT projects starts in a particular project segment and then escalates over time.This study highlights that  as the project development time goes on, the definition of success of an IT goes starts becoming prone to mutation. In essence, it is during this time that failure of an IT project slowly becomes open to the development team or other project stakeholders. As the authors put it, â€Å"deadlines gets pushed back and budgets increase†. In other words these two factors are some key signs of failure in an IT project.  Pushing back of the project development has proved to be a key sign of failure. The article states that most the IT projects start ahead of schedule. In fact, others have had to start three years ahead of schedule. Another constraint is that of changes in budget where in most cases the project budget has had to be increased. These two features have been very critical to the failure of IT project.  In order to provide a clear view of the evolution of most IT projects towards failure, this article has laid shed light on The U.S. Air Forces Expeditionary Combat Support System. The authors have reconstructed the budget and deadline history of the system to aid in providing a bird’s eye of the aforementioned failures.  

Statement of purpose 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Statement of purpose 3 - Essay Example However, these challenges are not to deter me from continuing with the quest I have vowed to purposefully accomplish in my chosen career which is to teach a foreign language, specifically English to my fellow-Kuwaiti people to advance their own dreams. Teaching has always been a part of me coming from a family of teachers with my father being a Mathematics teacher in intermediate school and my mother, a Kindergarten teacher. Looking up to my parents’ examples, I value the affects one could make in teaching like one anonymous writer said, ‘A good teacher is like a candle- it consumes itself to light the way for others’. My parents and other teachers helped in the molding of my young mind into the person that I am now, a passionate mind voracious to knowledge, ready to be consumed for the process of teaching to continue in my own small way. Teachers allowed themselves to be consumed and were able to bear fruit, building lives that are stable and goal-focused. These, I have seen in my parents, teachers and my personal making as my professors mentioned in their recommendation letters on my behalf describing me as hard-working and a team-player. In addition, they look at me as a student of high moral principles who also displayed a good level of oral and written English communication skills. ... This is the very reason why I like to enroll in the Masters degree in the United Kingdom so I would be exposed to native speakers as well as teachers who have been well-trained to train foreign educators like me. Looking at the programs offered by the University of Brighton, I am drawn to enroll in this prestigious school as it perfectly fits the needs I have right now. I like the idea of being educated in the issues related to English language teaching, exploring in-depth aspects of English and the theory and practice of language teaching in relation to the international context which the school program offers. Its analytical and investigative skills development program also poses a great challenge and excitement to me because I am well aware that research is one difficult task nevertheless, it also is a very educational endeavor that I believe would enhance my analytical abilities. The course structure caught my attention and interest because I know that with the program, my skills would be all the more sharpened as I read quality materials with the guidance of efficient professors as well as with the help of diverse students whom I could learn from. Studying in such a respected university with tried and tested programs would be to me an honor and a privilege because I know that the University of Brighton would not only be recognized because of its location but more so with the quality of education she offers. Being a current employee of the Ministry of Education in Kuwait as an English teacher in intermediate school who just started by the last quarter of last year, I have seen my need for a higher education which I would like to take in the United Kingdom for reasons earlier mentioned. I

Image Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Image Analysis - Essay Example To start with, the given image has the traits of an icon determined as â€Å"an image (or person) that refers to something beyond its individual components, something (or someone) that acquired symbolic significance† (Sturken and Cartwright, 2009, p. 444). In this context, the photograph of small Crimean boy can be considered as a symbol of innocence in front of Russian invasion. And so, it is reasonable to state that the photographer tended to bring sympathy in the heart of watchers as the child represents the lack of defense in front of military forces. Therefore, the symbolic notion provided by this image is evident as it has both denotative and connotative aspects in its content. Furthermore, the ideological aspect can be found in this image. Actually, the Western attitude to the current events in Ukraine in general and in Crimea in particular shows the total disapproval as the sanctions were implemented for Russian elite. For instance, BBC defined this operation as a â€Å"Crimean crisis† due to the â€Å"Russia’s move into Crimea† (Crimea Crisis, 2014). In such circumstances, presented image has an ideological message. While Ukraine is presented as a victim in Western media, the child from Ukraine symbolizes the whole country that is standing innocent in front of foreign troops. And so, the whole image has a powerful ideological message that supports the level of communication being held in public. Finally, the issue of objectivity is crucial for this image. In fact, each photograph can be considered as a sort of manipulation with public. As Victor Burgin (1999) mentions, â€Å"two images side by side tend to generate meanings not produced by either image on its own† (p. 44). In addition, the military jacket that is worn by this boy can be interpreted as a necessity to start a fighting in order to protect the homeland even though it is hard to resist adults. And so, in a current image due to the fact that it

Beethoven Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

Beethoven - Essay Example as being both a great musician, and when he saw young Beethoven first perform at the age of seven, he took him out of school and found him music teachers for his education. When he was fifteen, Beethoven had the chance to play for the famous composer and musician Mozart. In his early twenties, he left Bonn for Vienna, Austria, and studied under teacher Joseph Haydn. Beethoven became well known as a virtuoso in some of the high-ranking society circles of the day. He was also known for his talent in improvising music. At the age of 27, Beethoven discovered that he was losing his hearing, and would soon be totally deaf. He almost decided to kill himself, but after thinking about it realized that he could still hear music, if only inside his head, so he decided to keep on with it. He composed works even as he was going deaf. His Ninth Symphony, today recognizable by almost anyone even in the first few notes, was composed after he was totally deaf. Beethoven suffered from bad health for years, and was three times rejected by women he wanted to marry. He died a bachelor in 1827 in Vienna, Austria, and his funeral was attended by more than 10,000 people. His symphonies, some of which he could not even hear when conducting, are still some of the best known and widely played pieces of music throughout the world

Taking Things for Granted Essay Example for Free

Taking Things for Granted Essay I remember that day as if it was yesterday. It started like any other day; I got up quickly grabbed a Twix ice cream bar for breakfast and went to the bus stop. Although Thanksgiving was a few days away, the air was still warm but crisp and I could not wait to get on the bus and talk with my friends about my plans for my birthday party. We arrived at school and I sat in my first period class environmental science. Everything seemed to be going just as it should. While doing my morning work suddenly my stomach sank and I knew something was not right. I arrived home from school later than normal, but my mom still had not arrived. I picked up the phone to call her, when she answered the phone she did not sound like herself. She had been crying and I knew something was wrong. What could it be? I asked if she was ok, she said she would be home later and the phone hung up. Later that day I would learn never to take your loved ones for granted. The doorbell ranged, my first thought was why my mom did not just walk in after all she had a key. I opened the door and was surprised to see my grandmother and my aunt. I wonder where my mother was. I was overjoyed to see my grandmother and aunt because they lived out of town. As soon as they arrived, we went to the grocery store so grandma could make her homemade biscuits and her marshmallow hot chocolate. While my grandmother was making her homemade biscuits, I got a phone call from a friend he told me that he was sorry for what happened to my dad. I laughed and replied nothing happened to my dad and that he had the wrong person. He told me my dad’s head was decapitated at work. I immediately hung up the phone and ran downstairs. I completely forgot about where my mom and dad were. It all made sense. That is why my grandma and aunt were here. I ran downstairs; I wanted to know why no one told me that my dad was dead. The color drained from my aunt and grandmothers face. They were speechless. The first question they asked was who told you that. They explained that it was not my dad’s head but his hand. They told me that he was in the hospital and was going to be in surgery for twenty hours. They did not know whether he would live or not. I cried. I never got the chance to say goodbye. Several days had passed and I finally got the opportunity to see my dad. As I walked down the hallway, my heart began to beat faster and faster. I did not know what I was going to see or how to react. I opened the door and there was my dad lying in the hospital bed. I had a flashback of every good time we ever had. I walked closer to the bed and called my dad’s name. He weakly replied that he loved me. I smiled as tears rolled down my face. My dad was still alive. The next few months were the toughest. I never imagined my dad trying to commit suicide, being depressed, or crying at night. When I thought of my dad, I thought tough and strong but I realized that anything could happen, even to the strongest of us. I almost lost my dad once and if it ever came to the point of me losing him for good, I would want to know that I never took for granted that I had a father who cared and would do anything for me. Today my dad is perfectly healthy. As a family, we have learned to adapt to his physical changes of not having a hand. This experience has had its difficulties but at the end of the day, we are still a family that supports one another. We have learned to take a day at a time.

Taylorism Paper Essay Example for Free

Taylorism Paper Essay The American Frederick W. Taylor (1856–1915) pioneered the scientific management approach to work organization, hence the term Taylorism. Taylor developed his ideas on work organization while working as superintendent at the Midvale Steel Company in Pennsylvania, USA. Taylorism represents both a set of management practices and a system of ideological assumptions. The autonomy (freedom from control) of craft workers was potentially a threat to managerial control. For the craft worker, the exercise of control over work practices was closely linked to his personality, as this description of ‘craft pride’, taken from the trade journal Machinery in 1915, suggests: As a first-line manager, Taylor not surprisingly viewed the position of skilled shop-floor workers differently. He was appalled by what he regarded as inefficient working practices and the tendency of his subordinates not to put in a full day’s work, what Taylor called ‘natural soldiering’. He believed that workers who did manual work were motivated solely by money – the image of the ‘greedy robot’ – and were too stupid to develop the most efficient way of performing a task – the ‘one best way’. The role of management was to analyse ‘scientifically’ all the tasks to be undertaken, and then to design jobs to eliminate time and motion waste. Taylor’s approach to work organization and employment relations was based on the following five principles: †¢maximum job fragmentation †¢separate planning and doing †¢separate ‘direct’ and ‘indirect’ labour †¢a minimization of skill requirements †¢a minimization of handling component parts and material. The centrepiece of scientific management is the separation of tasks into their simplest constituent elements – ‘routinization of work’ (the first principle). Most manual workers were viewed as sinful and stupid, and therefore all decision-making functions had to be removed from their hands (the second principle). All prepa-ration and servicing tasks should be taken away from the skilled worker (direct labour), and, drawing on Charles Babbage’s principle, performed by unskilled and cheaper labour (indirect labour, in the third principle). Minimizing the skill requirements to perform a task would reduce the worker’s control over work activities or the labour process (the fourth principle). Finally, management should ensure that the layout of the machines on the factory floor minimized the movement of people and materials to shorten the time taken (the fifth principle).While the logic of work fragmentation and routinization is simple and compelling, the principles of Taylorism reflect the class antagonism that is found in employment relations. When Taylor’s principles were applied to work organization, they led to the intensification of work: to ‘speeding up’, ‘deskilling’ and new techniques to control workers, as shown in Figure 3.2. And since gender, as we have dis-cussed, is both a system of classification and a structure of power relations, it should not surprise us that Taylorism contributed to the shift in the gender composition of engineering firms. As millions of men were recruited into the armed forces for the First World War (1914–18), job fragmentation and the production of standardized items such as rifles, guns and munitions enabled women ‘dilutees’ to be employed in what had previously been skilled jobs reserved exclusively for men. Some writers argue that Taylorism was a relatively short-lived phenomenon, which died in the economic depression of the 1930s. However, others have argued that this view underestimates the spread and influence of Taylor’s principles: ‘the popular notion that Taylorism has been â€Å"superseded† by later schools of â€Å"human relations†, that it â€Å"failed† †¦ represents a woeful misreading of the actual dynamics of the development of management’. Similarly, others have made a persuasive case that, ‘In general the direct and indirect influence of Taylorism on factory jobs has been extensive, so that in Britain job design and technology design have become imbued with neo-Taylorism’ (ref. 10, p. 73).

Impact of Globalization on McDonalds

Impact of Globalization on McDonalds Globalization is a difficult term to be defined. This is because it means different things to different people. However in general, globalization refers to the trend toward countries joining together. According to Frost (2010), globalization refers to the worldwide phenomenon of technological, economic, political and cultural exchanges, which are brought by modern communication, political choice, transportation and legal infrastructure. These are used to open cross-border links among countries all around the world in international trade as well as finance. Globalization is also a term used to describe how people interact with one another economically, politically, and culturally (Frost, 2010). What is McDonalds? McDonalds is the world largest chain of fast food restaurant that were founded in May 15th, 1940 by Richard and Maurice McDonald in San Bernardino, California. However, McDonalds Corporation was founded in April 15th, 1955 by Ray Kroc in Des Plaines, Illinois. There are more than 31 000 McDonalds restaurant all around the world. Among them, 26 216 restaurants are franchises, 19 020 are operated by conventional franchisees, 3 160 by development licensees, and 4 036 are operated by the company itself (McDonalds, 2009). McDonalds headquarter is located in Oak Brook, Illinois, United States. McDonalds is a fast food restaurant that offers a wide range of products to its customers. Among them are hamburgers, French fries, chicken, milkshakes, coffee, soft drinks and many more. However, in some countries, McDonalds has come up with several products in order to tackle its customers in the country. For example, McDonalds is offering Maharaja Mac in India, Terayaki burger in Japan, and Croque McDo in France. As a successful company, besides its US$ 22.6 billion revenue and US$29.2 billion assets, manpower asset also play an important part in obtaining McDonalds success. Other than Jim Skinner as the chairman and CEO of McDonalds Corporation, there are 1.7 million of employees that have been hired by McDonalds to operate its business all around the world. Due to globalization, McDonalds can start its business is other countries without any hassle. Since its corporation in 1955, McDonalds has successfully operate more that 31 000 restaurants in 117 countries worldwide (McDonalds, 2009). Besides the United States, other countries that McDonalds is operating in are India, Malaysia, Indonesia, China, France, United Kingdom, and many more. Due to this, McDonalds had become well-known in most of the countries in the world as one of the biggest fast food chain in the world. McDonalds SWOT Analysis SWOT stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. SWOT Analysis refers to a tool used by a company for auditing it organization and environment (MarketingTeacher.com, 2010). It is the first stage in planning and it also helps the marketers to focus on the key issues (MarketingTeacher.com, 2010). It is used to analyze a companys strengths, weaknesses, threats, and opportunities in the market that they operate in. By analyzing McDonalds SWOT, McDonalds strengths can be identified and changes can be made to overcome it weaknesses. On the other hand, by analyzing McDonalds opportunities and threats action can be taken to improve McDonalds services in the future. Below is the SWOT analysis of McDonalds Corporation. Actual impacts of globalization on McDonalds As a successful and a fast-growing company in a globalized world today, there are number of globalization impacts that McDonalds has to face in order to succeed. Those impacts can be divided into two categories; positive impacts and negatives impacts. Positive impacts are those forces that can help McDonalds to move forward in the industry and on the other hand, negative impacts are those forces that can slowdown its operations. Thus, without a proper and effective decision-making plan made by the managers, these impacts will lead to McDonalds failure in the future. In determining the impacts of globalization on McDonalds, PESTLE Analysis has been used to identify the factors that have caused the impacts. PESTLE stands for political, economic, sociological, technological, legal and environmental. The information obtained from this analysis are used to guide McDonalds management in their decision-making process as well as their future planning process. Positive impacts One of the positive impacts of globalization to McDonalds is due to the economical factor. According to CIPD (2010), economic factor refers to what is happening within the economy such as economic growth, cost of living, rate exchange and interest rate. As the economy is rapidly booming in Asian countries, this has affected McDonalds business in various ways. The table below shows the number of McDonalds restaurants that operate in Asian countries. From 2000 to 2010, with an average quarterly GDP growth of 1.29 percent, Indonesias gross domestic product (GDP) has expanded at an annual rate of 3.45 percent in the last reported quarter (TradingEconomics.com, 2010a). This happened because as the largest national economy in Southeast Asia, government of Indonesia plays a significant role by owning more than 164 state-owned enterprises and at the same time, they also control the prices of several basic goods such as fuel, rice, and electricity (TradingEconomics.com, 2010). As the economy in the country is growing, McDonalds has taken this opportunity to expand its business in the country. From the table above, there are only 75 McDonalds restaurants available in Indonesia compared to 1 restaurant in Brunei. This happened because of the economic growth and the government proposal to increase the employment rate in Indonesia. With this decision made by McDonalds, it has not only increases their reputation in the country but also has decreased the unemployment rate in the country from 9.75 percent in January 2007 to 7.41 percent in January 2010 (TradingEconomics.com, 2010b). Another positive impact of globalization to McDonalds is due to the technological factor. Technological factor refers to what is happening technology-wise which can impact what a company do (CIPD, 2010). As new technologies are continually being developed, changes are made by McDonalds to improve its performance in the industry. According to EngineeringTalk.com (2010), McDonalds has decided to use Echelons LonWorks technology produced in San Jose, United States to meet its goal which is to lower energy consumption and at the same time increase its operational efficiency. McDonalds is encouraging its kitchen equipment manufacturers to include this technology in new equipment for its restaurants (Environmentalleader.com, 2010). McDonalds Vice President of Corporate Responsibility, Bob Langert, says that the technology will enable their franchisees to create a working environment which is easier to operate, facilitate preventive maintenance and provide new services and at the same time save the energy (EngineeringTalk.com, 2010). It also said that with the presence of Echelons power line networking technology, McDonalds can provide communication and data exchange between various pieces of kitchen equipment in its restaurants and this is to allow the development of business process improvement applications, manage energy use, and reduce maintenance costs (EngineeringTalk, 2010). In a globalized era today, import and export between countries are becoming easier (reference). This is because Therefore, Echelons power line networking technology which was produced in San Jose, United States can be accessed by countries such as India, Philippines, Hong Kong, Taiwan and Singapore easily. As a result, besides benefiting McDonalds financial, this will also increases the countrys FDI rate. Besides economical and technological factor, sociological factor also plays a role in pushing McDonalds in the industry. Sociological factor refers to what is occurring socially in a market in which a company operates in (CIPD, 2010). Sociological factor includes population growth rate, health consciousness, cultural norms, and career attitudes (CIPD, 2010). Negative impacts In contrast to positive impacts, negatives impacts are those activities that can decrease the level of competitiveness of a company in a particular market. However, by making the right decision and action, negative impacts can bring advantages to the company. Similar to positive impacts, negative impacts are also happen because of PESTLE (politics, economics, social, technology, legal and environment) factors. One of the biggest negative impacts of globalization to a fast food restaurant like McDonalds is due to the sociological factor. As mentioned earlier, sociological factor is one of the six external influences that a company has to cope with in order to compete in the market effectively (Wall, et.al., 2010). As a fast-growing company that has franchisees all around the world, McDonalds has also decided to expand its business to India. However, for a country which 20% of its population are vegetarian and around 82% does not eat beef, McDonalds might face problems in attracting its customers. This is because they are either vegetarian, cow- worshipping or non-beef-eating people (Kannan, 2006). Hence, as the worlds largest beef-based food chain, McDonalds may face difficulties in setting up a business where most of its residents do not consume beef. After realizing the problem that they might face, McDonalds has decided to modify its menu to suit the locals needs. Besides Indianizing its menu, McDonalds also offers several products that are only available in India. They are the Maharaja Mac, McAloo Tikki, and McVeggie. Maharaja Mac is the substitute of hamburger which is made from a 100% ground lamb burger that is served with lettuce, tomatoes, special sauce, cheese, onion and pickles on a sesame bun. On the other hand, McAloo Tikki and McVeggie are the products offers by McDonalds with a 100% pure veg stamp on them to the Indians (Kannan, 2006). In addition, to avoid from offending Indias vegan sensibilities, McDonalds strictly segregated it foods into vegetarian and non-vegetarian lines and even the mayonnaise has no egg in it (Harding, 2000). Today, there are more than 58 McDonalds restaurants that are successfully operate in India and according to a study that has been made, McDonalds revenue has increased 50% annually since 1997 (Kannan, 2006). According to the statement above, it shows that McDonalds has successfully overcome the problem that they are facing in India by adapting its local culture. At the same time, McDonalds has also increases its sales revenues and the Indians awareness on the presence of the McDonalds in the world. Besides the social factor, another negative impact of globalization has brought to McDonalds is due to the economical factor. In a globalize era today, besides the existing competitors such as KFC, Wendys and AW, there are numbers of potential entrants has joined the industry. This has led to a rapid growth of fast food restaurant all around the world. Hence, as one of the biggest fast food restaurants, the problem that McDonalds has to face is on how to attract more customers to consume its products. The reason is that, with more fast food restaurants available, consumers can make decision on which fast food restaurants products to be consumed according to their choices. In order to overcome the problem stated above, McDonalds has decided to do a limited time promotions that can attract its existing as well and the new customers. In Malaysia, one of the promotions that McDonalds has came up with to overcome the problem is by offering the McValue Lunch package. According to McDonalds (2010a), the McValue Lunch offers 10 most favourite menus among customers with a cheaper price from 12pm to 3pm every day. The price range for a set of McValue Lunch which includes a French fries as well as carbonated soft is between RM5.95 to RM8.95 per set (McDonalds, 2010a). As a result to the promotion done by McDonalds to attract more customers, today there are more people consumed its products since the promotion was introduced in February 2009. Another negative impact of globalization that McDonalds has successfully overcome is due to the legal factor. According to CIPD (2010) legal factor refers to what is happening with changes of legislation. Legal factor may affect the employment, imports/exports, quotas as well as resources of the country that a company have to deal with. One of the legal problems that McDonalds have to face is the religious law. For McDonalds to operate in an Islamic country, one of the laws that McDonalds has to face is the religious law. This law does not only apply in Malaysia but all Islamic countries all around the world. According to the religious law in the Malaysia, all restaurants that operate in the country have to have HALAL certificates that are produced by Jabatan Agama Islam Malaysia (Jakim). With this standard for foods, it shows that all the products produced by the company are not only 100% free from pork but it also covers the production, preparation, handling and storage of the food. Besides that, with this certificate it shows that the foods produced are safe to be consumed, hygienic and healthy for consumers (Hayati, et.al., 2008). Besides that, an Islamic country like Malaysia, McDonalds have decided to call its hamburgers as Beefburger to avoid the word ham. This is because ham is the thigh of the hind leg of certain animals, especially a pig (FreeDictionery.com, 2010). As a Muslims country with 60.4% of its people are Muslims (NationMaster.com, 2010), hamburgers are called Beefburger to show that the burgers are not made with pork and to avoid misunderstanding between the population in the country. Potential Impacts of globalization and strategies to overcome them Besides all the impacts that have been discussed above, there are still other impacts that McDonalds might have to face in the future. As similar to the impacts mentioned earlier, McDonalds potential impacts of globalization are also due to the external influences towards the company and decision has to be made to overcome them. One of the potential impacts of globalization to McDonalds is due to the economical factor. As the economy in China is growing rapidly, China is also experiencing a food inflation crisis. According to Fullick (2010) a report cited that the rapid food price increase is the main economic problem faced by the country at present. Fullick (2010) also says that food, which makes up about a third of Chinas consumer price index has increased by 10.1 percent compared to non-food items which increased just by 1.6 percent. As KFC and Pizza Hut kept their price unchanged, McDonalds has taken their first step in overcoming the food inflation crisis that are facing China by raising its menu prices by 0.5 yuan to 1 yuan per item (Kwok, 2010). McDonalds (China) Co Ltd spokeswoman said that the adjustment was made because some of the materials prices have increased due to the food inflation. As a number of analysts believe that Chinas GDP is not just slowing but could also dries up its exports, McDonalds which had 1 135 stores in China has ignore all that and planning to open about 500 restaurants in China in three years time (McIntyre, 2009). The reason is that, McDonalds is optimistic about the business prospects in China and for a company that has the balance sheets and cash flows to take the risk, McDonalds sees this downturn as an opportunity to push itself into a new market. Based on McDonalds point of view, as Chinas economy recovers, they have already taken market share in a country that is bound to see relatively rapid population growth and relatively strong GDP over the next several decades (McIntyre, 2009). Another potential impact of globalization to McDonalds is due to sociological factor which is health consciousness. As mentioned by Ronald McDonald (2004), Sugeon General David Satcher has said that fast food is a major contributor to obesity epidemic. With this statement, it has been agreed that fast food may cause obesity and overweight among people. According to figure 1.1 below, number of American adults that are facing obesity as well as overweight has increased since 1973. The statistic shows that since 1973 to 2009, number of obese in America has increased by 20 percent which make the number of obese adults in America today to be more than . people (reference). On the other hand, figure 1.2 shows the number of French adults that are facing obesity has also increased since . As a conclusion, with the evidences given above, due to the increase of fast food restaurants, number of obesity cases has also increased all around the world. As people all around the world are becoming more aware about their health, McDonalds might lose its customers and this will lead to a decrease of its sales revenues. Hence, strategies need to be done by McDonalds to avoid this issue from spreading and resulting to its failure in the future. One of the strategies that can be done by McDonalds is by offering more healthy food to the customers such as salad. Even though the menu offered by McDonalds today have a high nutrition value for a balance life, by offering variety of healthy food will attract the health conscious customers to consume its products. By doing so, it will not only increase McDonalds reputation but it will also decrease the obesity rate all around the world. Conclusion As a conclusion, globalization does influence a company performance in the industry that they are venturing in. These influences can either bring a good impacts or bad impacts to a company. Thus, for the company to succeed in a globalized world today, proper planning and decision-making has to be made by the company to overcome all of the negative impacts caused by globalization. As one of the major company in the fast food industry, McDonalds has been affected by globalization in many ways. However, due to the critical thinking and decision-making made by its manager, McDonalds has successfully overcome all the obstacles and this has increase their reputation in the eye of the world.

Conflict And Resolution Within A Work Group Essay example -- Group Tea

Effective communications is defined as the successful exchange of information between individuals. An effective communicator is successful in establishing an active two-way link with another individual or group. When people work in groups, there are two quite separate issues involved. The first is the task and the problems involved in getting the job done. The second is the process of the group work itself: the mechanisms by which the group acts as a unit. Without due attention to this process the value of the group can be diminished or even destroyed; yet with a little explicit management of the process, it can enhance the worth of the group to be many times the sum of the worth of its individuals. It is this synergy which makes group work attractive in corporate organization despite the possible problems (and time spent) in group formation (Blair, 2015). Conflict and Causes of Conflicts Conflict is any situation in which individuals or groups do not agree. Individuals or groups have different ideas, interest or goals and can not compromise because the opposing parties have strong beliefs that they are very different from each other. People have different views on many different subjects; therefore, when interests are threatened, conflicts arise. There are two types of conflicts: positive conflicts and negative conflicts. A positive conflict is where the outcome of the conflict results in a positive solution. If the conflict creates better decisions, develops shared ideas, and personal growth and change, it is considered to be a positive conflict. Negative conflict is where the outcome of the conflict creates a destructive result. If the conflict creates unresolved anger, personality clashes, low self esteem or low ... ...rson chooses the way the encoded message is to be transmitted or channeled to the other person or group. This can be done by various ways, such as, face-to-face, written, or electronic mail, just to touch on a few. Upon receiving the message the receiver has the option to provide feedback to the source. Feedback is a fundamental part of the communication process. It is important to realize how critical feedback can be and how it can overcome difficulties when communicating. The group process must be planned, monitored and reviewed just like any other managed process (Blair, 2015). References Blair, G.M. (n.d.). Groups that work. Web. 17 April 2015. http://www.see.ed.ac.uk/~gerard/Management/art0.html Beard, Ronald. (n.d.). "Working With Group Conflict" University of Maine. Web. 17 April 2015. http://www.umext.maine.edu/onlinepubs/PDFpubs/6106.pdf

Avoidant Personality Disorder :: essays research papers

Avoidant Personality Disorder From the moment a person is born, his or her personality begins to take shape. In infancy, childhood, and later adolescence, the individual explores a multitude of behaviors. Of all the behaviors, or personalities, the person experiences, one of them will stick with them until the day they die. Unfortunately, each specific personality also contain a personality disorder. Personality disorders can result in anxiety attacks, depression, and to a certain level, suicide. One of the most unique personality disorders is the Avoidant Personality Disorder. The DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) describes Avoidant Personality Disorder as: a persuasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation, beginning by early childhood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by four (or more) of the following traits: 1.) avoids occupational activities that involve significant interpersonal contact because of fears of criticism, disapproval, or rejection 2.) is unwilling to get involved with people unless certain of being liked 3.) shows restraint within intimate relationships because of the fear of being shamed or ridiculed 4.) is preoccupied with being criticized or rejected in social situations 5.) is inhibited in new interpersonal situations because of feelings of inadequacy 6.) views self as socially inept, personally unappealing, or inferior to others 7.) is usually reluctant to take personal risks or to engage in nay new activities because they may prove embarrassing Avoidant Personality Disorder usually starts at early adulthood. The American Psychiatric Association is convinced that an equal amount of men and women experience this personality disorder. According to one other study by Greenberg & Stravynski, more men are being referred for professional help than women (Long). The reason for this is because society usually expects men to be the initiators in relationships with women. People that suffer from Avoidant Personality Disorder display traits such as timidity, shyness, and a withdrawing behavior. Avoidants, people that suffer from Avoidant Personality Disorder, use these traits to hurt others so that they can avoid a close relationship with them. They like to display their hostility in an â€Å"open† manner by insulting people who try to be friendly. The reason for this is so that they can handle feared rejection by becoming rejecting themselves. Avoidants reject other people first so that they are not the first to be rejected. Most of the time avoidants reject people who would have never rejected them in the first place. A victim of this personality disorder is usually affected in one of three ways. First, some avoidants put in considerable time and effort into making themselves attractive to others. They do this so they will at least be liked for their looks, if not for

Themes and Styles in Songs of Experience Essay -- Innocence Songs of E

Themes and Styles in Songs of Experience With reference to at least four poems, show how they are representative of themes and styles in Songs of Experience. In the Songs of Experience â€Å"Innocence† has progressed towards â€Å"Experience†, but it is important to remember that Blake's vision is essentially dialectical: â€Å"Innocence† and â€Å"Experience† are co-related as the road to â€Å"experience† begins from â€Å"innocence†. The poems in Songs of Experience are darker in tone and outlook, affirming a bleaker (or more realistic) view of creation than their â€Å"Innocent† counterparts. Blake manifests the themes of cynicism, corruption, oppression, disillusionment and cruelty through the use of stylistic devices such as mirroring, juxtapositions, archetypes and imagery. In â€Å"The clod and the pebble†, the poem provides two contrasting attitudes, one of selfless love for others, and the second, of Love as self-absorption and possessiveness. The first stanza seems to belong to the Songs of Innocence sequence, and the final stanza to Songs of Experience, and perhaps it is left to the reader to adjudicate between the two attitudes. However, as a poem in the Songs of Experience sequence, it is important that the final words are given to the selfish Pebble rather than to the down-trodden Clod, perhaps suggesting that it is the former's attitude which is seen to be the most insightful. Blake uses imagery such as the clod of clay to represent something insignificant, like mud, downtrodden. Blake also uses alliteration on the phrase â€Å"clod of clay† to emphasize its worthlessness. This imagery also creates an impression that the clay is malleable and unformed, implying youth, ignorance, naivetà © and innocence. However, this spineless cl... ...n on the private lives of Englanders; an almost comically melodramatic scene of tombstones and Death-figure priests. It is thus perhaps too easy to dismiss this poem at once as nothing more than that. However, this simplicity allows the poem to become a didactic poem, with new levels of resonance rising from it with each reading. The level that first presents itself is explained above; the Church taking on itself the legislation and administration of morality. This Songs of Experience lyric deals with the repression of joys, desires and instincts by the church and by prohibitive morality. Given that the poem deals with a vision of a journey into the "garden", we could perhaps also view the poem as a commentary on the ways that conscience and guilt are imposed on the imagination and on what is natural and instinctual, the 'mind-forged manacles' of London.

Impact of Public Debt on the Economic Growth Essay

Government debt is also known as public debt. It is the debt owed by a federal government to the internal or external sources. It is required when the stocks of government securities are insufficient to cover previous budget deficits. Budget deficits occur when the level of government expenditures exceeds its revenues. Based on macroeconomic theory, the level of government expenditure must be positive with the economic growth. The higher the expenditure, the higher will be the economic growth. Government expenditure can be divided into productive and unproductive expenditure. Productive expenditure will be contributed to the economic growth in a few years’ time. Meanwhile, the unproductive expenditure will lead to the decline in the economic growth. Productive expenditure comprise of education and health. Besides, the unproductive expenditure consists of expenditure like pension and subsidies. Meanwhile, high budget deficit will reduce the level of economic growth. In order to finance additional expenditures, the government will borrow money from internal sources. Since the demand of the loanable funds is also derived from the private sector, additional demand from the government will boost the interest rate. Consequently, high interest rate will distort the level of investment. Finally, the lower level of investment will lead to lower economic growth for the country. In addition, high public debt will also result to a financial crisis. If a country is experiencing a trend of an increasing public debt, the investors may be worried about the capabilities of that country to pay its debt. Apart from that, they will ask for higher interest rate as a safety and profitable measures for them to keep financing the deficits. An increase in interest rate can distort the level of economic growth and would create financial crisis. Besides, it is also acts as an obstacle to the development because it will weakens the government’s ability to achieve macroeconomic stability. It comprises the stability of inflation, interest rate and exchange rate target. It will also create adverse incentives associated with future taxes. High debt also will stop the social and developmental progress. Malaysian economy may not be able to achieve high and sustainable economic growth in the long-run if the federal government keeps borrowing money from the domestic sources in order to finance the budget deficit. However, there is no such evidence to conclude that the external debt can distort the economic growth in the long-run.

Hispanic Culture

Since 1970, United States of America has seen a considerable amount of immigration because of economic chaos and civil wars in Latin American countries. The fight between the government of El Salvador and leftist guerrillas in 1980 brought about 500,000 immigrants to United States. They settled primarily in California, Florida, Massachusetts, and Washington, D. C. The civil war in Nicaragua in the year 1980 drove an estimated 800,000 Nicaraguan immigrants to the United States Mexican Americans are the most prevalent Hispanic group within the United States. Their history can be dated to four centuries within America, contrasting in different regions. In States like California, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and Nevada have great amounts of Mexican Americans. (Mexican Americans, 2007). Most of Mexican Americans residing in the United states converse in their own native language. Spanish is usually the solitary language that they use . But english is the universally unrestricted language in the general community. As many generations have passed, a new verbal communication has emerged, called Spanglish, which is a blend of both Spanish and American. America has always been harsh on Mexican Americans. Mexican Americans had a hard time elevating their financial and social status in this country, as they were judged by the color of their skin. The Chicano Movement changed the lives of Mexican Americans’ in the United States. This movement secured these people in the economy with civil rights and economic opportunity. Significant number of Mexican Americans are Roman Catholic. Their religious beliefs influence their perceptions on various aspects of their life, including view on sex, education, and politics. Puerto Ricans are the second largest groups of Hispanics . they reside in large numbers in New Jersey and New York. Puerto Ricans are not considered foreign immigrants, since they are technically American citizens (Puerto Rican, 2008). Puerto Ricans do not have a â€Å"proper language†. They use Castilian Spanish. They differ from other Spanish-speaking groups in the way the pronounce. These people are generally racially and ethnically diverse, and recognize racial variance amongst themselves. They generally call themselves as â€Å"Negro†. Most Puerto Ricans are eligible for benefits in America, since Puerto Rico is a United States commonwealth. But many feel that as they are eligible for benefits in welfare programs, it keeps them within a cycle of poverty. The general population that is not benefited tend to work in the industries around New York and New Jersey. Puerto Ricans are generally Roman Catholic. However, in recent years, it is reported that only 70% of the people consider themselves Catholic, while the majority of the remaining group consider themselves as Protestant. Traditionally, fathers and husbands are seen as the head of the households. Sons take the responsibility of taking care of the â€Å"womenfolk†, specially their younger sisters. They generally have extended families. Cuban Americans are the third largest group of Hispanics within the United States. Most of the Cuban Americans were originally born in Cuba, but moved to United states as a result of Fidel Castro’s communist dictatorship (Cuban Americans, 2008). The older generations of the society continue to carry on their prominent language of Cuban, but it is the younger generations who have started to choose a different path. The new generation prefers to communicate in English than Cuban. Large communities of Cuban Americans can be found in New York City, northern New Jersey, Los Angeles and southern Florida. Most Cuban Americans are successful in these communities, because they back others who share their cultural backgrounds. The new generation are redefining themselves as the older generations are passing away; some seeking identify from their culture, while many others distance themselves from their ethnicity backgrounds. It has been found that out of every 14 Cuban Americans in Southern Florida having entrepreneurial business these people have the highest entrepreneurial rate among all other Hispanic groups. Many Cuban Americans live in little communities of Cuban descent. So they don’t feel the necessity to go out of their community. Thus, a higher rate of business ownership exists. Cuban Americans had a vigorous role in redefining the American Political scene. Most of the Cubans are against Fidel Castro’s Communist government. So any movements or policies that are against his government are supported highly amongst the Cuban American communities. Also any Cuban-related policies within the legislation of the United States are significantly influenced by Cuban Americans (Roots of, 2008). Most of the Cubans are generally Roman Catholics; however this trend has been greatly modified to â€Å"syncretism† by a huge amount of support since Catholicism’s early introduction into Cuban’s history. Most of the Cuban Americans often have extended families, including parents and children, and older relatives (those who are widowed or dependent on others). The chances of intermarriage with individuals out of their ethnicity and culture are very low, as this is against their family value. Dominican Americans form a newer national community in America. They are still in the process of creating a unique atmosphere and place for themselves amongst both the American culture and Hispanic groups (Dominican American, 2008). The official language of Dominican Americans is Spanish. But English is also popularly spoken, and even a French dialect is sometimes heard amongst the Dominican American culture. Most of the Dominicans that come to America face language barriers, alongside with poverty as a major concern. Now a days many Dominican Americans have moved up from a previous immigrant status to a conventional status amongst a common American society. Within the last past few years, the economic status of Dominican Americans has begun to diversify itself, as racial acceptance has become more acceptable. This diversification is amongst different groups of Africans, Hispanics, and American Indians within the Dominican culture. There are no Dominican member in The U. S. House of Representatives although they do exist within the political scene as council members. Dominican Americans have been elected as officials in some other states as well (Buffington, 2008). Most of the Dominican American are Roman Catholics ( a leading statistical amount of 90%). Nonetheless, a small group of Protestants also exist within their communities and culture. But even smaller than this, a small percentag e of African religious beliefs too exist within the society. Cuban Americans in the New York area constitute as much as seven percent of the total population (Schaefer, 2006). Dominican Americans have been making serious steps to the development of their community, and at the same time are increasing their knowledge base so as to be recognized as an important cultural group. The new generations of Dominican Americans are as Dominicans as they are Americans, speaking both languages, English and Spanish. Dominicans have succeeded and have made rapid achievements in all fields of life. (Dr1. com. Dominican Americans). The terms Hispanic or Latino are used to describe people who come from a variety of different countries and cultural settings. These names are given to different ethnic groups when they come to the United States. The four major Hispanic groups – Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, and Dominican Americans have their own separate identity. There are also many similarities that connects them in linguistic, cultural, political, economic, and familial categories. The Spanish language helps to combine them together, though there are some differences in dialect. Roman Catholicism is the major religion followed, but each group also practices Protestantism and other Christian denominations. Puerto Ricans are considered legal citizens of the United States of America. The Mexican Americans and others are still working on to get a legal status. Hispanics in the United States have contributed significantly to its society’s customs and culture for many centuries. These contributions range from politics, public service, military, business, science, organized sports to even the entertainment industry. Their impact on the society can be understood only if we take a closer look. It is quite surprising as many historians have not acknowledged Hispanics’ impact on history, as they are just as intricate within America’s history as any other race or nationality (Contributions of,2008) References Cuban Americans (2008). Wiki. Retrieved January 14, 2009 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuban_American Mexican Americans (2008). Wiki. Retrieved January 14, 2009 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican-Americans Puerto Ricans (2008). Wiki. Retrieved January 14, 2009 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Rican Americans of Hispanic Heritage Web site: http://www.neta.com/~1stbooks/dod2.htm (2008) Cuban Americans. Retrieved June 23, 2008, from MSN Encarta Web site: Buffington, S. (2008) Dominican Americans. Retrieved June 23, 2008, from Every Culture Web site: http://www.everyculture.com/multi/Bu-Dr/Dominican-Americans.html Hispanic Culture Eemah Pizza Mrs. Katherine Miracle Introduction to Public Speaking 18 February 2013 Outline for Speech The Hispanic Culture influencing The American Culture Specific Purpose: I want my audience to have a better knowledge of The Hispanic Culture; how it differs from The American Culture and influences it as well. Thesis: While Hispanics may not seem important to society, Americans should learn about their culture. Introduction Attention Getting Device: * â€Å"Strangers in a new culture see only what they know. † -Unknown Credibility:I came here when I was seven years old and all I really knew about the United States was that everyone is a â€Å"gringo/a† (white boy/girl). Americans are only white, with blonde hair and blue eyes. Those thoughts took a U-turn when I arrived at JFK Airport in New York City, New York. Then I thought to myself as well if they had a stereotype for Hispanics. Eventually, I did encounter stereotypes, consisting of: â€Å"You’re Mexican; you eat tacos; you’re illegal. † * Thesis: Even though Hispanics may not seem important, Americans should learn about the Hispanic culture. Preview: The Hispanic culture influences the American culture in many ways. The largest minority in the United Stated is made up of Hispanics. And being able to speak Spanish fluently opens many doors and helps a person understand the culture better. Body I. Americans learning about the main concerns in the Hispanic Culture A. From a young age, Hispanic kids are taught good manners, respect, and that family is the foundation of everything. Family is the number one priority in the Hispanic culture. 1. According to Ohioline. osu. edu† Traditionally, the Hispanic family is a close-knit group and the most important social unit.The term familia usually goes beyond the nuclear family. The Hispanic â€Å"family unit† includes not only parents and children but also extended family. In most Hispanic families, the father is the head of the family, and the mother is responsible for the home. Individuals within a family have a moral responsibility to aid other members of the family experiencing financial problems, unemployment, poor health conditions, and other life issues. â€Å" 2. Hispanics are very dependent on Family and spending time together is a major factor. a.If a Hispanic person travels, or moves to another city/town and they have family members that live there as well, it is very common for that person to stay there with that family and/or live with them. b. Spending time together, which is very often, is a valuable part of a Hispanic family (birthday, holidays, graduations, weddings, etc†¦). [Transition: Hispanics want what’s best for their family even if it means migrating to another country and becoming the largest minority for that country. Spanish, Hispanics native language, has become a worldwide known language. In my second main point, this will be explained in further detail. II. Hispanics are the largest minority in U. S. and being able to speak Spanish fluently opens many doors for people. A. According to the University of Illinois. â€Å"Spanish is spoken by more than 500 million people worldwide; half of the population in the western hemisphere speaks Spanish† 1. The United States has shown over the past 30 years a huge growth in the Hispanic population; U. S. population is made up of 11% of Hispanics and it has become the largest minority in the U. S. a. According to the U. S. Census, the number of Hispanics in the U. S. grew by 57. 9% between 1990 and 2000. b.California, Texas, New York, and Florida are the states that have a high percentage of Hispanics. c. 28 million people in The United States speak Spanish. d. 31 million individuals are identified as Hispanics. [Transition: As more Hispanics come to The United States, the impact they have in the culture is seen through all types of media. That is why it’s important to know how Th e Hispanic Culture influences The American Culture. III. The most important reason why Americans should learn about The Hispanic culture is because The Hispanic culture influences The American culture. 1. The Hispanic population has grown rapidly in the 21st century.This means that Hispanics have influenced The American Culture throughout their presence in The United States. How? From politics to business, art, music, film, and FOOD! a. In the 2012 Presidential Election, President Barack Obama had the votes of 71% of Hispanics, according to pewhispanics. org. b. You ask â€Å"who is Lupe De Los Santos? † Group Manger, The Clorox Company; Helped create the shows: â€Å"The Biggest Loser† & â€Å"Dale Con Ganas† c. Two other areas that Hispanics have succeeded are through films and music. Jennifer Lopez, Pitbull, Enrique Iglesias, and Selena have all added a unique flavor to the music industry.In the film industry there are more Hispanic actors/actresses for examp le America Ferrera, Antonio Banderas, Salma Hayek, Zoe Saldana and George Lopez. d. Food is vital to a Hispanic family. It’s what brings everyone together after a long day of school, work, etc†¦ Home cooked warm delicious meals that are made out of love and touch the soul. Now in the American culture, people see more Mexican restaurants, more Hispanic spices, etc†¦ According to DonQuijote. org â€Å"In the business world, the businesses whose owners are Latin Americans have been growing three times faster than others, generating 2 billion dollars a year.Some of these companies include: Latinvox, Ron Bacardi, Goya Foods, Tampico Beverages Inc. or Univision Radio. † As you can see, there is a lot to learn about the Hispanic culture. There are a lot of influences that both cultures have on each other. But most importantly, Hispanics are the second largest minority group in the United States and speaking fluent Spanish will open many doors for a lot of people. Le arning the language makes it easier to understand the beautiful culture. * â€Å"We could learn a lot from crayons. Some are sharp, some are pretty, some are dull, some have weird names, and all are different colors.But, they all fit nicely into the same box. † -Unknown Work Cited Hispanic Americans: The Second Generation. N. d. Web. . â€Å"Latin American Influence in the USA. † DonQuijote. N. p. , n. d. Web. 18 Feb. 2013. â€Å"Ohio State University Fact Sheet. † Understanding the Hispanic Culture, HYG-5237-00. N. p. , n. d. Web. 18 Feb. 2013. . Wadham, Tim. â€Å"A TASTE OF Latino Culture. † School Library Journal 3p 58. 9 (2012): 55-56. Print.

Effects of Video Games on the Mind Essay

Not only do video games affect children, social skills and addiction, they affect the brain and our actions. How many times have you gotten killed in a video game and gripped the controller so hard it almost broke. Researcher Eleni Kardaras studied two boys playing a competitive game. The younger boy wins, while the older boy gets furious and kicks him over. These are some of the actions we portray while playing video games Professor Akio Mori conducted a survey of people playing video games. Mori monitored the beta waves that indicate liveliness and tension in the prefrontal region. These results show a higher decrease of beta waves that play video games. Tests show that the beta waves were at zero, which indicate low use of the prefrontal regions in the brain. This led to many people in the survey becoming angry and found it harder to concentrate. Many of us take out our frustrations and stress through aggression and anger. An example of this is the columbine-shooting incident in Colorado. Two students took the precious lives of many and eventually taking their own. Evidence and research shows the two students were infatuated with video games, especially a shooting game called shoot em up. Aside from this there are other forms like competition and an urge to win. However video games can teach us to control our emotions. I remember as a kid I use to always hear the myth that video games kill brain cells and can make a hole in your brain. Studies show that playing video games do not kill brain cells; however playing extensively makes the brain slow to a halt, registering low alpha wave readings. Playing video games can be seen as being unproductive, the time spent playing on video games could be spent studying or doing outdoor activities. It also can affect social skills, which we already talked about. Aside from the negatives aspects video games have on the mind, some may argue that playing games can sharpen the mind. Fast pace games like GTA and Need for speed deliver excitement and agile movements in controlling the players to think quickly. Many soldiers that have constantly played video games were better at processing information and identifying objects.

Sociologist Karl Marx

A Brief Introduction Mr. Jeff Riddle April 29th, 2009 There are three major theories that depict how sociologists view the world. The theories are functionalist, conflict, and interaction theory. Each of these has its own viewpoints of how people affect society, and how society affects the people. Each theory has its own group of sociologist to go with it. The theory that a sociologist picks to back has an effect on how they do research and how they look at problems. Schaefer) The first theory is Structural Functional Theory, or functionalism. Functionalism is one of the oldest theories, and is still used today. In functionalism society is made up of different parts, and these parts work together to keep the society stable. Functionalism relies very much on the scientific method. By relying on the scientific method, the study of sociology can be observed in the same way one would view the physical world. (McClelland) In functionalism, change is said to happen when pressure is put on individuals by social structures.This is what is known as a macro theory. Macro theories work from the society downward, the society forces the people to change, not the people change society. The next theory is conflict theory. In opposition to functionalism, when society exists in a state of balance and stability, conflict theory says that society is better described as existing in a state of constant struggle and conflict between two groups. Conflict theory has been growing it popularity since the late 1960s.Many social and economical problems such as, civil rights movements, and political battles, have given prime examples of the conflict between the two groups, reinforcing conflict theory. Marx says there is a constant struggle between the haves, and the have-nots. In a capitalistic society, groups interact in a destructive way. (Schaefer) They do this by the more powerful group exploiting the lower group in order to become more powerful. This is what causes the unbalance in po wer. The next theory is Interactionist or Symbolic Interaction Perspective.This theory is different from the other two because instead of working from the society down in a macro prospective, it works from the individual up, in a micro prospective. Interactionists focus on the subject of human life at a personal level instead of at a social level. An interactionist wants to know what the person was feeling or how they were bothered by a particular situation. Society is made up of patterned and organized interactions on personal basis. Because of this the research done by interactionists can be done at a face-to-face level also instead of focusing on the group or groups within society. McClelland) All interactions and reactions between individuals shape the way society works. An interaction can be any contact; this includes all language and symbols. This is because interactionists want to understand each individual in society, because understanding the individuals will show you how t hey shape society in the end. (McClelland) In conclusion, these different theories give sociologist a basis to work from. They do play a major role in the way a sociologist conducts research, or gathers information in other ways.Not any of the three theories can be said to be correct in a whole, but sociologists can use all of them to better understand a situation and draw conclusions about it. The theories allow sociologists to develop different viewpoints and find the tendencies between them. References Berlin, Isaiah, and Alan Ryan. (1996). Karl Marx: His Life and Environment. New York: Oxford University Press. Schaefer, Richard T. (2008). Sociology. New York: McGraw-Hill. Stanford Encyclopedia Of Philosophy. (2008). Karl Marx. http://www. laspositascollege. edu/library/cited_APA_examples. php#anchorInternet

Compare kennedy and johnson Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Compare kennedy and johnson - Research Paper Example However, the idealism that sprouted up amongst the enthusiastic American youth during 1960s eventually turned into a large rebellion. Thus, the decade, although started with high hopes, ended with the horrors of division and disappointment. A comparison between the policies of President Kennedy and President Johnson reveals the similarities and differences that led to their popularity with the masses. John F. Kennedy won presidency over Richard Nixon in the year 1960. He assured a new set of domestic reforms called 'New Frontier' for America that would cover reforms not only at home but also the victory in cold war. However, despite successfully creating his image as an intelligent and energetic leader, he faced legislative failures at the outset of his presidency. On the other hand, he managed to be triumphant in the approval of tariff reductions to promote economic growth in the country. He is mostly remembered for his efforts regarding tax cuts in the economic arena. However, his plans to increase federal aid in the field of education, medical care and urban renewal did not get accomplished. He became the president when the cold war was at its height. Thus, foreign policy initiatives occupy the maximum part of his agenda. John Kennedy succeeded in making himself the central focus of the entire nation and that is quite evident from the reaction of American citizens to his cold blooded murder in 1963. Lyndon Johnson followed John F. Kennedy as the US president. The events leading to the assassination of President Kennedy landed him in the white house. His presidency is marked by the expansion in the roles of federal government. He set to complete the unfinished work of President Kennedy’s New Frontier by constructing his own outstanding reform program which was ultimately called the Great Society. He accumulated the largest reform agenda since the time of Roosevelt’s New Deal. He, later on, won the elections of 1964. This indicated that he had no t just inherited White House but he had actually attained it through his policies and hard work. His government took several steps for the creation of social welfare programs in order to eradicate poverty from the American Society. The most prominent program was called as Medicare, aimed to help the elderly with their medical expenses. His policies regarding the revival of the decaying cities and schools, development of mass-transit system and the subsidization of middle-income housing mark the height of his era. In an attempt to ensure racial equality, President Johnson abolished the national origins systems that gave preference to immigrants from northern Europe over those belonging to the other parts of the world apart from Europe. Both, John F. Kennedy and Johnson were extremely skilled politicians. Kennedy, on one hand, appeared polished and well-educated while, Johnson, on the other hand, was brash and straightforward. Kennedy’s reluctance in politics was outweighed by the Johnson’s accomplishments, thereby making President Johnson’ more successful in pushing his policies through the congress. However, the events in Southeast Asia started to eclipse Johnson’s achievements regarding domestic reforms. The funds meant for the war on poverty were, instead, directed towards the war in Vietnam. By the year 1969, President Johnson’s hopes regarding domest