Academic Word List

Nhom 1 Analysis S phan tich Chemical analysis of the womans dress revealed traces of root. The defend is an analysis of p overty and its causes. At the decenting they presented a detailed analysis of twelve schools. analyse / analyze analyst analytic = isolating analytical analytically Approach Phuong phap, ti p c n We postulate to adopt a different approach to the problem Whats the best way of approaching this problem? approachable / unapproachable Area Ph m vi hi u bi t, chuyen mon Softw be is not really my bea of expertise Assess ? anh gia The tests argon designed to assess a childs interpret skills.Its difficult to assess the effects of these transmutes. Interviews allow you to assess the suitability of stoogedidates. assessable assessment reassess reassessment Assume Cho r ng, gi n nh Everything was receivetsease when I got main office so I assumed that you had g 1 bulge out. permit us assume for a moment that the computer programme succeeds. She woul d, he assumed, be home at the usual time. In this example we defy assumed a unit price of $10. I had assumed him to be a Belgian. assumed anticipate assumption Authority Chuyen gia She is an authority on seventeenth-pennyury English literature authoritative authoritatively ?isoniazid Nho Hi p emailprotected om -1- Nhom 1 Available Co th mua nu c, s d ng nu c This info is available free on the Internet. The raw(a) drug is not yet available to the public. When go out the training be made available? Well send you a copy as soon as it becomes available. availability unavailability unavailable Benefit L i th , l i ich He couldnt see the benefit of arguing whatever longer. I had the benefit of a good education For maximum benefit, frivol away the tablets before meals. beneficial beneficiary Concept Khai ni m He evictt grasp the basic concepts of mathematics Concepts such as civilization and government inclination conceptual conceptualize conceptually Consist Bao g m, g m co A dessert consisting of fruit and cream (ch a n ng) The cup of tea of the metropolis consists in its magnificent buildings. (chisoniazid) consistency / inconsistency consistent / inconsistent consistently / inconsistently Constitute (establish, set up) Thi t l p, thanh l p The committee was constituted in 1974 by an Act of Parliament constituency constituent constitution constitutional / unconstitutional constitutionally / unconstitutionally constitutive ?isoniazid Nho Hi p emailprotected com -2- Nhom 1 Context Trong hoan c nhThis speech indispensablenesss to be set in the context of Britain in the 1960s. His decision hindquarters only be understood in context. contextual contextualization contextualize contextually Contract H p n ng contractor Create T o ra, gay nen The snow created further problems Scientists disagree some how the universe was created. The government plans to create more jobs for young mint. creation / recreation creative c reatively creativity creator spiel Data Thong tin Define Ch c ch n Ive heard rumours, but nothing definite Your duties are clearly defined in the contract. fanny you define what it means to be an Ameri muckle? definable definition redefine redefinition undefined Derive Nh n nu c, l y nu c t tim th y ngu n g c t The name derives from Latin. The word politics is derived from a Greek word meaning city/ He derived great pleasure from painting derivation derivative ?isoniazid Nho Hi p emailprotected com -3- Nhom 1 Distribute Phan ph i, phan phat The government activity distributed food to the earthquake victims distribution distributional distributive distributor redistribute redistribution redistributive Economic Thu c kinh t The miserliness is in recession economical economically economics economist economy uneconomic uneconomical Environment Moi tru ng An unhappy home environment can affect a childs behaviour environmental environmentalism environmentali st environmentally read Thanh l p, thi t l p, c ng c The committee was established in 1912 Lets establish around ground rules. established / disestablish establishment / disestablishment Estimate ? nh gia, nanh gia, u c lu ng I can give you a rough estimate of the meat of wood you will need Official government estimates of traffic growth over the next decade estimation overestimate overestimation underestimate inh Nho Hi p emailprotected com -4- Nhom 1 Evident Hi n nhien, ro rang (obvious) It was evident from his voice that he was upset. The growing interest in history is clearly evident in the number of masses visiting museums and country houses test evidential evidently Export Xu t kh u 90% of the engines are exported to Europe exporter Factor Nhan t , y u t The result will depend on a number of different factors finance Tai chinh, ti n b c Finance for education comes from taxpayers financial financially financier Formula Cong th c formulate / reformulate formulation / reformulationFunction Ch c nang The function of the heart is to pump blood through the body functional functionally Identify Nh n ra, nh n di n (= ID) She was able to identify her attacker Many of those arrested refused to identify themselves (= would not aver who they were). The gunman in Wednesdays attack has been identified as Lee Giggs, an unemployed truck driver. identifiable identification ?inh Nho Hi p emailprotected com -5- Nhom 1 Income Thu nh p They receive a proportion of their income from the sale of goods and services Indicate (show, slur) Ch ra, bi u l The signpost indicated the right road for us to followResearch indicates that eating habits are changing fast. indication indicative indicator (=blinker) Invidual Rieng r , rieng bi t We interviewed each individual member of the community individualism individualist individualistic individualisation individually Interpret Gi i thich, lam sang t The students were asked to interpret the poem interpretable interpretation interpretative interpretive misinterpret misapprehension reinterpret reinterpretation Involve (entail) Bao g m, dinh dang n n The test will involve answering questions about a photograph. The job involves my travelling all over the country.Many of the crimes involved drugs involved involvement uninvolved Issue V n n This is a big issue we need more time to compute about it issuer ?inh Nho Hi p emailprotected com -6- Nhom 1 Labour Lao n ng (chan tay) The company wants to keep down labour costs wear down Legal H p phap They are currently facing a long legal battle in the US courts legality legally outlaw(prenominal) illegality illegally Legislate L p phap The government will legislate against discrimination in the maneuverplace legislation legislative legislator legislature Major = around of/most = serious = huge big We select encountered major problems majority Method Phuong phap, cach th c A brand- advanced method of solvi ng the problem methodical methodically methodological methodologically methodology Occur (happen) X y ra, x y n n (n t ng t) Something unexpected occurred harmonize to the police, the shooting occurred at about 12. 30 a. m. occurrence reoccur Per cent Ph n tram Poor families spend about 80 to 90 per cent of their income on food percentage ?inh Nho Hi p emailprotected com -7- Nhom 1 Period Giai no n, kho ng th i gian The factory will be closed down over a 2-year time period/a period of two years periodic periodical periodicallyPolicy Chinh sach, nu ng l i hanh nong (Chinh ph , ? ng, Nha Nu c) They have had a probative emasculate in policy on paternity leave. Pinciple Nguyen t c I refuse to lie about it its against my principles. Stick to your principles and tell him you wont do it. principled unprincipled Proceed = continue = go on = ti p t c = ti n hanh = ti n trinh Were not sure whether we still want to proceed with the sale She sat down and proceeded to tell me a bout her skiing trip. He defined his plans and then proceeded to explain them in more detail. Work is proceeding slowly. procedural procedure proceeding proceedsProcess Qua trinh, s ti n tri n Were in the extremity of selling our house processing Require (need) ? oi h i, yeu c u what do you require of me? True marriage requires us to show trust and loyalty. Lentils do not require soaking before cooking. (? u khong c n ngam) requirement Research (v. n) Nghien c u To research into the causes of cancer Ive done some research to find out the cheapest way of travelling there researcher ?inh Nho Hi p emailprotected com -8- Nhom 1 Respond ? ap l i, hu ng ng When asked about the companys future, the director responded that he remained optimistic respondent response responsive responsively responsiveness unresponsive Role Vai tro It is one of the greatest roles she has p jelled The role of the instructor in the classroom This part of the brain plays an chief(prenominal) role in learning. Section (V c t, phan chia N ph n c t ra) The subroutine library has a large biology section Sector (area, zone) Khu v c (kinh t , ki thu t) the manufacturing sector Significant Quan tr ng, tr ng n i, n y y nghia It is significant that girls generally do better in examinations than boys There are no significant differences in the midst of the two groups of students. Your work has shown a significant correctment. significance significantly signify insignificance insignificant insignificantly Similar Tuong t My teaching style is quasi(prenominal) to that of most other teachers. The two houses are similar in size The brothers look very similar. similarity similarly Source Ngu n, ngu n g c. Your topical anaesthetic library will be a useful source of information. ?inh Nho Hi p emailprotected com -9- Nhom 1 Specific D t khoat, ro rang, chi ti t, chinh xac I gave you specific operating instructions Id like your help tomorrow. Can you be more specific? A specific p urpose/reason Could we arrange a specific time to meet? specifically specification specificity specifics unidentifiableStructure C u truc The grammatical structures of a language structural structurally restructuring restructure unstructured Theory Gi n nh, h c thuy t I have this theory that most people prefer being at work to being at home theoretic theoretically theoretician theorist Vary Thay n i (m c n nh ) (ng ai, n i) The menu varies with the season Class numbers vary between 25 and 30. What time do you start work? It varies. The aerobics instructor varies the routine each week variability variable variably variance mingled variation varied invariable invariably ?inh Nho Hi p emailprotected om 10 Nhom 2 Achieve v. Thanh cong (accomplish) Their background gives them little chance of achieving at school. possible achievement Acquire Thu nu c, n t nu c She has acquired a good knowledge of English How long will it take to acquire the necessary skill s? He has acquired a reputation for dishonesty. The company has just acquired new premises. acquisition Administration (managing) S trong nom, s qu n ly s cai qu n, s cai tr She has little experience in administration (= in organizing a business, etc. ). Teachers complain that more of their time is taken up with administration than with teaching. admin administrative administratively administrator Affect nh hu ng n n, tac n ng n n Your sight will not affect my decision Its a disease which affects many older people. How will these changes affect us? affective affectively unaffected Appropriate (suitable) Phu h p Appropriate for something Jeans are not appropriate for a formal party. Appropriate to something The book was written in a style appropriate to the age of the children. appropriacy / inappropriacy appropriately appropriateness inappropriate inappropriately inappropriateness ?inh Nho Hi p emailprotected com -1- Nhom 2 Aspect Khia c nhShe felt she had looked at the problem from every aspect. The book aims to cover all aspects of city life. Assist (help) Giup n Well do all we can to instigate you. We will assist you in finding somewhere to live. We are looking for people who would be willing to assist in the groups work. Anyone willing to assist can contact this number. assistance assistant unassisted (=aided) Category Nhom The results can be divided into three main categories. categorization categorize Chapter Chuong (sach) Commission M nh l nh, ra l nh The government has set up a commission of inquiry into the disturbances at the prison. commissioner (=police commissioner) Community Phu ng, h i The local community was shocked by the murders. Health workers based in the community (= running(a) with people in a local area) Complex (complicated) Ph c t p A complex argument/problem/subject The complex structure of the human brain complexity Compute U c tinh The losses were computed at ? 5 million. computable computation computati onal computer computing ?inh Nho Hi p emailprotected com -2- Nhom 2 Conclude (end) K t thuc The programme concluded with Stravinskys Rite of Spring. He concluded by wishing everyone a safe trip homeShe concluded her speech with a course credit from Shakespeare. The concert concluded with a firework display. I would like to conclude by thanking you all for attending. conclusion conclusive / inconclusive conclusively / inconclusively manoeuver Ti n hanh, t ch c They conducted a vigorous defend for a shorter working week. To conduct an experiment/an inquiry/a survey outcome (result) K t qu To suffer/face/take the consequences of your actions This decision could have serious consequences for the industry Two hundred people lost their jobs as a direct consequence of the merger. If you go im angry, youll have to suffer the consequences. consequent consequently Construct (build) (thu ng th b n ng) Xay d ng When was the brace constructed? They constructed a shelter out of fa llen branches. The building was constructed in 1930. construction / reconstruction constructive constructively reconstruct Consumer Khach hang Health-conscious consumers want more information about the food they buy consume consumption Credit S khen ng i I cant take all the credit for the shows successit was a team effort. creditor ?inh Nho Hi p emailprotected com -3- Nhom 2 Culture (Thu c) caravan hoaCultural differences between the two communities cultural culturally cultured uncultured Design(v. n) Phac th o, thi t k , ki u The magazine will appear in a new design from next month. There was a fault in the design of the aircraft. The machines unique design prevents it from overheating. designer Distinct (diffirent) (distinction) Khac nhau The results of the survey fell into two distinct groups. Jamaican reggae music is quite distinct from North American jazz or blues. This word has three distinct meanings. distinction / indistinct distinctive / distinctively di stinctly / indistinctly distinctnessElement Y u t woo was a key element in our decision Equate Coi ngang, ngang v i Many people equate wealth with happiness. I dont see how you can equate the two things. equation Evaluate (assess) ? anh gia, u c lu ng We need to value how well the policy is working Our research attempts to evaluate the effectiveness of the different drugs. evaluation / re-evaluation evaluative re-evaluate ?inh Nho Hi p emailprotected com -4- Nhom 2 Feature Net n c trung, tinh nang rieng An interesting attribute of the city is the old market. Which features do you look for when choosing a car? Final Cu i cungThey find each other in the final chapter of the book conclusiveness finalization finalize finally Focus (+on) T p trung (+vao) refocus Impact Tac n ng, nh hu ng Her speech made a profound mend on everyone. Latino singers have had a major impact on pop music this year. Injury Ch n thuong There were no injuries in the scare (= no people injured) injure injured uninjured Institute Vi n, H c Vi n institution institutional institutionalization institutionalize institutionalized institutionally Invest ? u tu Now is a good time to invest in the property market investment investor reinvest reinvestment ?inh Nho Hi p emailprotected com -5- Nhom 2 Item ? , v t Can I pay for each item separately? itemize Journal (newspapermagazine) Bao, t p chi Maintain ( keep) (preserve )Gi The two countries have always maintained close relations. To maintain law and order/standards/a balance The army has been brought in to maintain order in the region. maintenance Normal Binh thu ng Its traffic pattern to feel tired after such a long trip. Its perfectly normal to feel some degree of stress at work. Thats a fairly normal weight for someone of your height. Now that trains are running again things are back to normal.He should be able to lead a perfectly normal life. normalcy normality normalization normalize normally / abnormal ly abnormal start (get) L y nu c I finally managed to obtain a copy of the report He obtained a law degree from the University of California. obtainable / unassailable Participate (take part in) Tham gia She didnt participate in the discussion participant participation participatory Perceive = hi u (understad) = trong th y (see) = nh n th c, nh n th y She did not perceive herself as disabled. I perceived a change in his behaviour. The patient was perceived to have difficulty in breathing. perception ?inh Nho Hi p emailprotected com -6- Nhom 2 Positive T tin, n y hi v ng A positive strength/outlook She tried to be more positive about her new job On the positive side, profits have increased. positively Potential Ti m tang, ti m nang A potency danger/threat A potential customer A number of potential buyers have expressed interest in the building. potentially Previous (priorbefore) Tru c No previous experience is necessary for this job. The car has only had one previous own er. She is his daughter from a previous marriage. previously previous to Primary (prime main most important basic) chinhThe primary aim of this course is to improve your spoken English. Her primary responsibility is to train new employees. Our primary concern must be the children. Good health care is of primary importance. primarily acquire s mua ban Make a purchase (= buy something) Keep your receipt as proof of purchase. purchaser purchasing Range Nhi u lo i (variety) A range of colours/patterns There is a full range of activities for children The hotel offers a wide range of facilities. We discussed a wide range of subjects. ?inh Nho Hi p emailprotected com -7- Nhom 2 Region Vung mi nPeople in the regions should not have to travel to London to fly to the United States regional regionally Regulate Ch nh non, quy n nh The activities of credit companies are regulated by law. Laws regulating advertising Babies find it difficult to regulate their body temperature. It is up to the regulating authority to put the measures into effect. statute regulator regulatory deregulate deregulation deregulatory unregulated Relevant (+to) Lien quan Education should be relevant to childrens needs. A relevant suggestion/question/point Do you have the relevant experience? Send me all the relevant information. irrelevance irrelevancy irrelevant irrelevantly relevance relevantly Reside (live) Cu tru He returned to Britain in 1939, having resided abroad for many years. Their passports do not give them the right to reside in Britain residence residency resident residential ?inh Nho Hi p emailprotected com -8- Nhom 2 Resource Tai nguyen The exploitation of minerals and other natural resources We do not have the resources (= money) to update our computer software satisfactory resourcefully resourcefulness under-resourced Restrict (limit) H n ch Restrict something to something Speed is restrict to 30 mph in towns.We restrict the number of students per c lass to 10. restricted restriction restrictive restrictively unrestricted Secure Ch c ch n, b o n m, an toan Its not a very secure way to put to work a living. The future of the company looks secure. The building is secure against intruders securely security insecure insecurely insecurity Seek (findlooking for) Tim Highly satisfactory secretary seeks employment. They sought in vain for somewhere to shelter. (Tim ki m trong vo v ng) sought (past) Select (choosechose) Ch n He hasnt been selected for the team. endurance selective selectively selectivity inh Nho Hi p emailprotected com -9- selector Nhom 2 Site Vung n t (Xay d ng) A site has been chosen for the new school. Strategy Chi n lu c Its all part of an overall scheme to gain promotion strategic strategical strategically strategian Survey Kh o sat A recent survey showed 75% of those questioned were in favour of the plan. Carry out a survey Text Ch (sach, bao, van b n) Highlight the area of text on screen and press the delete key. textual Tradition Truy n th ng The company has a long tradition of fine design. traditional traditionalist traditionally non-traditional Transfer Di chuy n, s di chuy nHow can I transfer money from my trust account to his? transferability on the table transference ?inh Nho Hi p emailprotected com 10 Nhom 3 Alternative S l a ch n You can be paid in cash weekly or by cheque monthly those are the two alternatives alternatively Circumstance Hoan c nh, tru ng h p, tinh hu ng We were but thrown together by circumstance on the long journey. Comment L i nh n xet, l i binh She made helpful comments on my work. commentary commentator Compensate B i thu ng Her lawyers say she should be compensated for the suffering she had been caused. compensation compensatoryComponent Thanh ph n Key components of the governments plan are Trust is a vital component in any relationship. (quan tr ng) Consent (permission, agreement) S n ng i He is charged with taking a car without the owners consent. consensus consent Considerable (significant)? ang k , l n lao (amount, size, importance, etc. ) The project wasted a considerable amount of time and money The damage has been considerable. Considerable progress has been made in finding a cure for the disease. considerably Constant Thu ng xuyen (kien tri, chung th y) Babies need constant attention This entrance is in constant use. Shes in constant pain. constancy constantly inconstancy inconstant ?inh Nho Hi p emailprotected com -1- Nhom 3 Constrain B t ep She felt constrained from continuing by the threat of losing her job. To constrain someone to do something ep bu c ai lam vi c gi Regulations that constrain industry Im constrained by decisions made in the past. The evidence was so compelling that he felt constrained to pass judgment it. The company said that it was constrained to raise prices. constraint unconstrained Contribute ? ong gop, gop ph n We contributed ? 5000 to the earthquak e fund. contribution contributor Conventional Tinh truy n th ngIts not a hotel, in the conventional sense, but rather a consentient village turned into a hotel. convene convention conventionality conventionally unconventional unconventionality unconventionally Coordinate S ph i h p, h p tac A pamphlet produced by the government in coordination with (= working together with) the Sports Council coordination coordinator Core Nhan, loi, nong c t Concern for the environment is at the core of our policies. Corporate (thu c) t ch c corporate finance/planning/strategy The law applies to both individuals and corporate bodies. corporation ?inh Nho Hi p emailprotected om -2- Nhom 3 Corresponding Tuong ng, n i v i A change in the money supply brings a corresponding change in expenditure. Profits have risen by 15 per cent compared with the corresponding period last year. correspond correspondence correspondingly Criteria Tieu chu n What criteria are used for assessing a students ability? Deduce (infer )Suy lu n, suy di n From the contents of his obtain basket, I deduced that he was single. We can deduce a lot from what people choose to buy. deducible deduction Demonstrate Ch ng minh, gi i thich (show) Let me demonstrate to you some of the difficulties we are facing.The theories were demonstrated to be false. These problems demonstrate the importance of planning. She demonstrated how to use the new software. demo demonstrable demonstrably demonstrate reflection demonstrative demonstratively demonstrator Document Tu li u (in tren gi y) documentation Dominant M nh nh t, quan tr ng nh t, nang luu i nh t The dominant feature of the room was the large fireplace. dominance dominate domination ?inh Nho Hi p emailprotected com -3- Nhom 3 Emphasis (stress ) T m quan tr ng The dialect is very a great deal on learning the spoken language.Schools are starting to place/put greater emphasis on passing exams. To put/lay/place emphasis on something We pro vide all types of information, with an emphasis on legal advice. emphasize emphatic emphatically Ensure B o n m, b o hi m Victory ensured them a place in the final. Exclude Ngan ch n, lo i tr Try excluding fat from your diet. Buses run every hour, Sun geezerhood excluded. Women are still excluded from the club. excluding exclusion exclusionary exclusive exclusively exclusiveness Framework Khuon kh We are currently exploring new approaches within existing frameworks of practice and thinking Fund Qu funder binding Illustrate Minh h a An illustrated childrens book His lecture was illustrated with photos taken during the expedition. This new discovery illustrates how little we know about early human history. illustration informative ?inh Nho Hi p emailprotected com -4- Nhom 3 Immigrate Nh p cu About 6. 6 million people immigrated to the United States in the 1970s. immigrant in-migration immigration control Imply Ng i Are you implying (that) I am wrong? imply something His silence seemed to imply agreement. It was implied that we were at fault. An implied criticism (ng i ch trich) initial ? u tien, ban n uIn the initial stages (= at the beginning) of the campaig My initial respondion was to decline the offer. Initially, the system worked well. initially Instance Vi d In most instances, there will be no need for further treatment. Many teenagers earn money, for instance by babysitting or cleaning cars. The report highlights a number of instances of injustice. Interaction Giao ti p Our work involves a lot of interaction with the customers. The only thing he interacts with is his computer Teachers have a check amount of time to interact with each child. interact interactive interactively interactivity Justification Bi n minhI can see no possible justification for any further tax increases. Theres no justification for treating her so bountifully. justifiable justifiably justified justify unjustified ?inh Nho Hi p emailprotected com -5- N hom 3 work S p l p The potatoes are layered with onion. Link M t xich, s k t n i police suspect there may be a link between the two murders. linkage Locate (site) T a l c, n t v tri be located in/near/on, etc They located their head nincompoops in Swindon. located location relocate relocation Maximise (maximase) T i na hoa max maximization maximum Minor Nh , khong quan tr ng ( large)Women played a relatively minor role in the organization. minority Negative ( bad harmful) X u, gay h i Terrorist threats have had a very negative impact on tourism. The crisis had a negative effect on trade. The whole experience was definitely more positive than negative. negate negatively Outcome K t lu n, k t qu We are waiting to hear the final outcome of the negotiations. We are confident of a successful outcome. Partnership Quan h n ng nghi p He developed his own program in partnership with an American expert. partner ?inh Nho Hi p emailprotected com -6- Nhom 3 Philosophy Tri t h c philosopher philosophic philosophical philosophically philosophize philosophizing Physical Th ch t (adj) He tends to avoid all physical contact. physically Proportion Ph n, t l urine covers a large proportion of the earths surface. The proportion of regular smokers increases with age. A higher proportion of Americans go on to higher education than is the case in Britain. Children turn over up a large proportion of the worlds population. proportional proportionally proportionate proportionately disproportion disproportionate disproportionately Published Xu t b n The archetypical edition was published in 2007. publisher publishing unpublished Reaction Ph n ng What was his reaction to the news? People can react badly to certain food additives. (ph gia th c ph m) react reactionary reactivate reactivation ?inh Nho Hi p emailprotected com -7- reactive nuclear reactor = nuclear reactor Registered ? a nu c nang ki The ship was registered in Panama registration Nhom 3 Rely Tin tu ng, d a vao (+on, upon) These days we rely heavily on computers to organize / organizing our work. reliability reliable reliably reliance reliant unreliability unreliable Remove D i, di chuy n, nu i, xoa He removed(p) his hand from her shoulder.Three children were removed from the school for persistent bad behaviour. removable removal Scheme Am muu, i n , k ho ch A local scheme for recycling newspapers To introduce/operate a scheme to improve links between schools and industry schematic schematically Sequence S n i ti p, s lien ti p He described the sequence of events leading up to the robbery. (v cu p) I got my slides compound up and they appeared out of sequence. sequencing sequential sequentially Sex Gi i tinh How can you tell what sex a fish is? sexism sexual ?inh Nho Hi p emailprotected com -8- sexuality sexually Nhom 3Shift Thay n i (tinh tinh, v tri, suy nghi, b n ch t, hinh dang) There has been a dramatic shift in public opinion on this mat ter. Public attitudes towards marriage have shifted over the past 50 years. Specify Ch ro, ghi ro Remember to specify your size when ordering clothes. Forms must be returned by the specified date. specifiable unspecified Sufficient ? Allow sufficient time to get there. These reasons are not sufficient to justify the ban. Is ? 100 sufficient for your expenses? She didnt have sufficient time to answer all the questions. I was sufficiently close to hear what they were saying. insufficiency insufficient insufficiently sufficiency sufficiently Task Nhi m v , ph n s Our commencement ceremony task is to set up a communications system. I was given the task of sorting out all the stuff in the garage Getting hold of this information was no late task (= was difficult). Technical (thu c) k thu t, chuyen mon We offer free technical foul support for those buying our software. Techniques K x o, phuong phap k thu t, ki nang Her technique has improved a lot over the past season. Technology K thu t h c,cong ngh h c The company has invested in the latest technology. technically technological technologically ?inh Nho Hi p emailprotected om -9- Nhom 3 Valid H p l , h p li She had valid reasons for not supporting the proposals. The point you make is perfectly valid. A valid argument head off invalidation invalidity validate validation validity validly Volume Tuy n t p, t ng s lu ng, t ng lu ng How do you measure the volume of a gas This work has grown in volume recently. ?inh Nho Hi p emailprotected com 10 Nhom 4 Access Truy c p You need a password to get access to the computer system. accessibility accessible inaccessibility inaccessible seemly ? I didnt have fitting time to prepare. The room was small but adequate.He didnt give an adequate answer to the question. Adequate for something The space available is not adequate for our needs. Adequate to do something training that is adequate to meet the future needs of industry adequacy adequately inadeq uacy inadequate inadequately Annual Thu ng nien An average annual growth rate of 8% annually Apparent Ro rang, hi n nhien It soon became apparent that she had lost interest in the project. Suddenly, for no apparent reason (= without a reason) he started screaming and shouting. Apparent (from something) (that) It was apparent from her face that she was really upset.Apparent (to somebody) (that) It soon became apparent to everyone that he couldnt sing. apparently Approximate X p x The cost given is only approximate. approximately approximation ?inh Nho Hi p emailprotected com -1- Nhom 4 Attitude Thai n , quan ni m To have a good/bad/positive/negative attitude towards somebody/something The governments attitude towards single parents If you want to pass your exams youd better change your attitude Youre taking a pretty selfish attitude over this, arent you? He has a very bad attitude to/towards work.Attribute Quy cho, cho r ng (n c bi t la noi, vi t, v smth) She attributes her su ccess to hard work and a little luck. attributable attribution Civil N i b civilly Code B lu t Its written in code. Commitment L i h a, rang bu c She doesnt want to make a big emotional commitment to Steve at the moment The companys commitment to providing quality at a reasonable price has been vital to its success. commit commit Communicate Giao ti p, lien l c We only communicate by email. To communicate information/a message to somebody Has the news been communicated to the provide yet? Dolphins use sound to communicate with each other. communicable communication communicative Concentrate S t p trung noi t p trung A concentration of industry in the north of the country concentrated concentration ?inh Nho Hi p emailprotected com -2- Nhom 4 Conference H i ngh , s ban b c She is attending a three-day conference on AIDS education confer Contrast S khac bi t, S tuong ph n Contrast (between A and B) There is an obvious contrast between the cultures of East and West. Contras t (to somebody/something) The company lost $7 million this quarter in contrast to a profit of $6. 2 million a year earlier. contrasting contrastive Cycle Chu ki, chu trinhThey could not break the cycle of harvest-feast failure, food shortage, price increase and misery. cyclic cyclical cyclically Debate Cu c tranh lu n, cu c th o lu n The motion under debate (= being discussed) was put to a vote. After a long debate, Congress approved the proposal. debatable debating Despite M c du Her voice was shaking despite all her efforts to control it Dimension Kich c (size, cao, r ng, dai,) We measured the dimensions of the kitchen. -dimensional (adj) having the number of dimensions mentioned (ex a multidimensional model) multidimensional ?inh Nho Hi p emailprotected com -3- Nhom 4Domestic Trong nu c Output consists of both exports and sales on the domestic market. domestically domesticate domesticated domestication Emerge (transpire) L ra, ti t l ra (m t bi m t, m t s ki n.. ) It emerged that the company was going to be sold. No new evidence emerged during the investigation. A figure emerged from the shadows. emergence emergent Error Mistake L i Error in something There are too many errors in your work. Error in doing something I think you have made an error in calculating the total. erroneous erroneously Ethnic (thu c) b t c ethnic Albanians living in Germany ethnically ethnicityGoal M c tieu Our ultimate goal must be the preservation of the environment. Grant Tr c p The bank finally granted me a ? 500 loan. granted Hence = so = vi th nen = therefore I love SP so much, hence I try to be the her Mr. Right. Hes got an interview today, hence the suit. ?inh Nho Hi p emailprotected com -4- Nhom 4 Hypothesis Gi thuy t There is little evidence to support these hypotheses. hypothesize hypothetical hypothetically Implement (carry out) Ap d ng, thi hanh (offically) Our new computerized system will soon be fully implemented. A new work programme for you ng people will be implemented implementationImplication S keo theo, s dinh liu, h qu (effect? ) Financial/health implications They failed to consider the wider implications of their actions. This scheme has serious implications for the local economy. They failed to consider the wider implications of their actions. implicate Impose Ap n t, ap d ng She is always trying to impose her opinion on/upon other people The time limits are imposed on us by factors outside our control. (to impose upon someones kindness l i d ng long t t c a ai) I dont want them to impose their religious beliefs on my children. imposition Integrate H p nh t Combine An commingled databaseIntegrate into/with something These programs will integrate with your existing software. Integrate A (into/with B) integrate A and B These programs can be integrated with your existing software. Plans to integrate the two schools integrated integration cozy N i, n i b The internal structure of a building internalization ?inh Nho Hi p emailprotected com -5- internalize internally Nhom 4 Investigate ? i u tra, nghien c u This is not the first time he has been investigated by the police for fraud. The FBI has been called in to investigate. Police are analyze possible links between the murders.Police are investigating what happened. He has been questioned by detectives investigating Jenkins murder. investigation investigative investigator investigatory Job Ngh nghi p She took a job as a waitress. Label Nhan hi u Hell only wear clothes with a designer label. Mechanism May moc, co ch (nghia nen va bong) discommode acts as a natural defence mechanism. Obvious Ro rang, ranh m ch, hi n nhien obviously obviousness Occupational (thu c) ngh nghi p Occupational disease line of work occupant occupation occupationally occupied occupier occupy Option S l a ch n There are various options open to you. inh Nho Hi p emailprotected com -6- Nhom 4 (various = variety of) optional Output S n ph m Man ufacturing output has increased by 8%. everywhere the past year the factorys output has fallen by 15%. Overall (bib overalls) T ng l i, toan th (adj) There will be winners in each of three age groups, and one overall winner. An overall improvement in standards of living (= affecting everyone) The overall effect We lost the first game, but won overall. Parallel Song song, tuong t The road and the canal are mate to each other. Parallel adverb The road and the canal run parallel to each other. The plane flew parallel to the coast. unparalleled Parameter Tham s (set/define the parameters) We had to work within the parameters that had already been established. Phase Giai no n, th i ki (time, moment) Shes going through a difficult phase. The wedding marked the beginning of a new phase in Emmas life. The first phase of the project is plan for completion next year. My younger daughter is going through a phase of only wearing black. Predict (forecast) D noan She predicted (that) the elect ion result would be close. They predicted that the temperature would reach 80 degrees today. predictability predictable predictably prediction unpredictability unpredictable ?inh Nho Hi p emailprotected com -7- unpredictably Nhom 4 Principal Chinh, ch y u My of import concern is to get the job done fast. Her principal reason for moving is to be nearer her mother. New roads will link the principal cities of the area. principally Prior before (adj) She will be unable to attend because of a prior engagement. The course requires no prior knowledge of Spanish. Visits are by prior arrangement. Please give us prior notice if you need an evening meal. During the week prior to the meeting Although not essential (c n thi t, quan tr ng? , some prior knowledge of statistics is desirable (ong mu n) Professional (=pro) Chuyen nghi p He dealt with the problem in a highly professional way. pro professionalism professionally regorge D an, cong trinh nghien c u To set up a project to co mputerize the library system projection Promote (encourage) Khuy n khich A campaign to promote cognizance (nh n th c) of environmental issues Policies to promote economic growth promoter promotion Regime Ch n , chinh th Resolve (settle, solve) Gi i quy t Both sides met in order to try to resolve their differences. To resolve an issue/a dispute/a conflict/a crisis inh Nho Hi p emailprotected com -8- Nhom 4 Be patient and the situation may resolve itself. An attempt to resolve the dispute (M t s c g ng gi i quy t tranh ch p) resolution unresolved Retain (preserve) Gi To retain your independence He struggled to retain control of the situation. The house retains much of its original charm. She retained her tennis title for the third year. This information is no longer retained within the computers main memory. She has a good memory and finds it easy to retain facts. The council will retain control of the school. He struggled to retain control of the situation. retainer retentio n retentive Series Lo t, day, chu i The first episode of the new series is on Saturday. Statistic (stats/star) S li u th ng ke According to official statistics the disease killed over 500 people. statistical statistically actuary Status ? a v , than ph n Women are only asking to be given equal status with men. Stress Ap l c Things can easily go wrong when people are under stress. stressed stressed out stressful unstressed Subsequent ? n sau, theo sau, x y sa sau ( previous) Developments on this issue will be dealt with in a subsequent report. Aubsequent generations ?inh Nho Hi p emailprotectedmail. com 9- Nhom 4 Subsequent events confirmed our doubts. subsequently (later) The original interview notes were subsequently lost. Subsequently, new guidelines were issued to all employees. He subsequently became chairman of the party. Sum T ng s (ti n) Huge sums have been invested in this project. Summary Tom t t In summary, this was a disappointing performance. The following is a summary of our conclusions. summarily summarize summation sum sign on Nh n lam, cam k t I cant undertake to do that toi khong th nh n lam ni u no The company has denote that it will undertake a full investigation into the accident. undertaking undertook ?inh Nho Hi p emailprotected com 10 Nhom 5 Academic Co tinh ch t h c thu t The students return in October for the start of the new academic year. academe academia academically academy Adjustment S ni u ch nh Ive made a few adjustments to the design. adjust readjust readjustment Alter Thay n i, bi n n i (n i, ngo i) Prices did not alter significantly during 2007. He had altered so much I scarcely recognized him. Alter somebody/something It doesnt alter the way I feel. Nothing can alter the fact that we are to blame. alterable alteration alternate alternately alternation unalterable unaltered Amend S a ch a l i (n i v i van b n Lu t, h p n ng, tai li u) The contract has now been amended. amendment conscious N h n th y, Nh n bi t As far as Im aware, nobody has done anything about it. Aware of something I dont think people are really aware of just how much it costs. He was well aware of the problem. Everybody should be made aware of the risks involved. Aware that Were you aware that something was wrong? awareness unaware unawareness ?inh Nho Hi p emailprotected com -1- Nhom 5 Capacity (skilled, competent ) Co tai, co nang l c, co kh nang Capable of something You are capable of better work than this.Capable of doing something Hes quite capable of lying to get out of trouble. Im perfectly capable of doing it myself, thank you. incapacitate Challenge S khu c t It was a direct challenge to the presidents authority. challenged challenger challenging Clause ? i u kho n (trong hi p u c, b lu t) There is a clause in the contract forbidding tenants to sublet. Compound H p ch t, t ghep (th g m 2 th tr len h p thanh) Common salt is a compound of sodium and chlorine. Conflict S xung n t, n i l p, s va ch m bum often comes into conflict with his boss. She found herself in conflict with her parents over her future career.The government has done nothing to resolve the conflict over nurses pay. Consultation S tham kh o, ban b c, s th o lu n The decision was taken after close consultation with local residents. consult consultancy consultant consultative Contact S lien l c, lien h Shes lost contact with her son. I finally made contact her in Paris. permit you kept in contact with any of your friends from college? The organization put me in contact with other people in a similar position. contactable Decline S suy s p, tan t , suy tan The town fell into (a) after the mine closed. Industry in Britain has been in decline since the 1970s. inh Nho Hi p emailprotected com -2- Nhom 5 Discretion S t do lam theo y minh, s tuy i Ill leave it up to you to use your discretion. discrete discretely discreteness arbitrary indiscretion Draft B n phac th o Ive made a rough draft of the letter. (phac th o nhap) The legislation is still in draft form. redraft Enable (allow) Lam cho co th (help? ) The software enables you to create your own DVDs. Insulin enables the body to use and store sugar. Energy Nang lu ng It is important to conserve energy. energetic energetically Enforce Ep bu c. (obey tuan theo)The legislation will be difficult to enforce. It is the duty of the police to enforce the law. United Nations troops enforced a ceasefire in the area. (l nh ng ng b n) enforceable enforced enforcement Entity Th c th , s t n t i These countries can no longer be viewed as a single entity. The unit has become part of a larger department and no longer exists as a separate entity. Equivalent Tuong nuong 250 grams or an equivalent amount in ouncesequivalent to something Eight kilometres is roughly equivalent to five miles. equivalence ?inh Nho Hi p emailprotected com -3- Nhom 5Evolution Ti n hoa, ti n tri n (qua trinh) Darwins theory of evolution evolutiona rily evolutionary evolutionism evolutionist evolve Expansion S m r ng, s phat tri n The expansion of higher education will continue. expand expansionism expansionist expansive expansively expansiveness Expose (reveal ) V ch tr n, phoi bay My job as a journalist is to expose the truth. Expose something to somebody He did not want to expose his fears and insecurity to anyone. exposed exposure External ngoai, ben ngoai The lotion is for international use only (= only for the skin and must not be swallowed). externality externalization externalize externally Facilitate Lam cho d dang, kh thi hon The new trade agreement should facilitate more rapid economic growth. facilitation facilitator facility ?inh Nho Hi p emailprotected com -4- Nhom 5 Fundamental (basic, essential ) Co b n, co s , ch y u There is a fundamental difference between the two points of view. A fundamental change in the organization of health services was required. fundamentally Generate Sinh ra, pha t ra We need someone to generate new ideas. Generation Th h I often oddment what future generations will make of our efforts.Image Hinh tu ng The aim is to improve the public image of the police. imagery Liberal Khoan dung, khoan h ng, dung hoa A liberal attitude Her parents were very liberal. liberalism liberalization liberalize liberally liberate liberated liberation liberator Licence Gi y phep A licence for the software You need a licence to fish in this river. unlicensed Logic Lo gic, tinh lo gic I fail to see the logic behind his argument. illogical / logical illogicality illogically ?inh Nho Hi p emailprotected com -5- Nhom 5 logically logician Margin s khac nhau trong s phi u b uHe won by a narrow margin. She flitter the other runners by a margin of ten seconds. marginal marginally Medical (thu c) Y, Y h c Medical school tru ng y A medical officer quan y si medically Mental (thu c) tri tu , (thu c) tri oc I made a mental note to talk to her about it He h as a complete mental block (= difficulty in understanding or remembering) when it comes to physics. mentality mentally Modify (adjust) Lam d u nh , xoa d u ( adapt) S a n i, thay n i The software we use has been modified for us. modification unmodified Monitor Quan sat, theo doi (s thay n i) meshwork M ng lu i, h th ngA network of veins Notion Khai ni m, ni m, ni m tin, quan ni m She had only a vague notion of what might happen. Notion (that) I have to reject the notion that greed can be a good thing. Objective Khach quan I cant be objective when I judge my daughters work. objectively objectivity ?inh Nho Hi p emailprotected com -6- Nhom 5 orientation course S n nh hu ng Hes very secretive about his political orientation. orientation to/towards something Companies have been forced into a greater orientation to the market. orient tailor reorient reorientation Perspective (viewpoint) Quan ni m, goc nhin nh n